Table 3.

Model R² from linear regression models predicting continuous intrabdominal fat area, mean squared errors from k-fold cross validation, and AUROC and 95% confidence intervals for prediction of high (above 75th percentile) vs. low visceral adiposity category, comparing a novel estimate of visceral adipose tissue area (EVA) to selected existing visceral adiposity surrogates

	Men n = 344								Women n = 278
	R2	AIC	MSEa	95% Cl	AUROCb	95% Cl	p-value		R2	AIC	MSEa	95% Cl	AUROCb	95% Cl	p-value
EVAc	0.61	3421	1244	1243 - 1246	0.90	0.86 - 0.93	—		0.72	2554	582	581 - 583	0.94	0.92 - 0.96	—
EVA without mid-thigh circumferenced	0.59	3433	1267	1265 - 1268	0.88	0.84 - 0.92	0.013		0.72	2558	589	588 - 590	0.94	0.92 - 0.97	0.771
Després estimatee	0.50	3501	1544	1543 - 1545	0.85	0.80 - 0.89	0.004		—	—	—	— —	—	—	—
WHtR	0.48	3515	1613	1611 - 1614	0.86	0.82 - 0.90	0.091		0.58	2664	852	852 - 853	0.88	0.84 - 0.92	<0.0001
WC, cm	0.48	3513	1603	1602 - 1605	0.84	0.80 - 0.88	0.009		0.56	2678	898	897 - 898	0.88	0.84 - 0.92	0.003
DAAT indexf	0.46	3529	1680	1678 - 1681	0.82	0.77 - 0.87	0.001		0.58	2665	857	856 - 858	0.88	0.84 - 0.92	0.0003
BMI, kg/m2	0.36	3584	1968	1966 - 1970	0.82	0.76 - 0.87	0.003		0.40	2762	1215	1214 - 1216	0.84	0.79 - 0.89	<0.0001
LAPg	0.17	3674	2607	2602 - 2612	0.81	0.75 - 0.86	0.0002		0.22	2834	1793	1785 - 17801	0.86	0.81 - 0.90	<0.0001
VAIh	0.08	3710	2888	2882 - 2893	0.73	0.68 - 0.80	<0.0001		0.14	2861	1734	1733 - 1736	0.78	0.72 - 0.84	<0.0001

Abbreviations: AIC (Akaike information criterion), AUROC (area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve), CI (confidence interval), EVA (estimate of visceral adiposity), WHtR (waist-to-height ratio), WC (waist circumference), DAAT index (deep abdominal adipose tissue index), BMI (body-mass index), LAP (lipid accumulation product), VAI (visceral adiposity index).

^aFor k-fold cross validation, data were partitioned into 5 training sets, repeated 500 times

^bThe 75th percentile of visceral adiposity was 140 cm2 for men and 100 cm2 for women; p-value compared to AUROC for VAE with fasting insulin

^cEVA (men) = [0.80 × age (years)] + [3.06 × BMI (kg/m2)] + [3.96 × WC (cm)] − [0.54 × HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)] + [0.10 × fasting glucose (mg/dL)] − [2.92 × mid-thigh circumference (cm)] − 205.91;

EVA (women) = [1.07 × age (years)] + [3.73 × BMI (kg/m2)] + [1.96 × WC (cm)] − [0.40 × HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)] + [0.01 × LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)] + [0.14 × fasting glucose (md/dL)] − [1.29 × mid-thigh circimference (cm)] − 160.02

^dwithout mid-thigh circumference: EVA-C (men) = [1.28 × age (years)] + [4.12 × WC (cm)] − [0.53 × HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)] + [0.14 × fasting glucose (mg/dL)] − 319.50;

EVA-C (women) = [1.26 × age (years)] + [1.89 × BMI (kg/m2)] + [2.16 × WC (cm)] − [0.43 × HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)] + [0.11 × LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)] + [0.18 × fasting glucose (md/dL)] − 207.22

^eDesprés estimate: calculated using coefficients derived by Després et al. (1991) in 110 men: IAFA = −225.39 + 2.125 × age(years) +2.843 × WC(cm); it was derived in a male cohort, so we chose not to calculate values for women

^fDeep abdominal adipose tissue (DAAT) index: calculated using coefficients derived by Brundavani et al. (2006). Men = −382.9 + [1.09 × weight -(kg)] + [6.04 × WC-(cm)] + (−2.29 × BMI), women = −278 + [−0.86 × weight -(kg)] + [5.19 × WC-(cm)]

^gLipid accumulation product (LAP): men [(WC (cm)-65) × TG (mmol)], women [(WC (cm)-58) × TG (mmol)], in the manner of Kahn H. et al. (2005)

^hVisceral adiposity index (VAI): calculated using coefficents derived by Amato et al. (2010): VAI = (WC/(39.68+(1.88*BMI)))*(triglycerides/1.03)*(1.31/HDL) for men, and (WC/(36.58+(1.89*BMI)))*(triglycerides/0.81)*(1.52/HDL) for women, with both triglycerides and HDL specified in mmol/L