Table 1.
Characteristics and clinical presentation of infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis by associated viral infection
| Variables | Rhinovirus n=16 |
RSV n=16 |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | |||
| Age (month) | 0.91 | ||
| <2 | 4(25) | 5(31) | |
| 2–5.9 | 7(44) | 6(38) | |
| 6–12 | 5(31) | 5(31) | |
| Male sex | 13 (81) | 9(56) | 0.13 |
| Race/ethnicity | 0.51 | ||
| Non-Hispanic white | 6(38) | 10 (63) | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 4(25) | 3(19) | |
| Hispanic | 5(31) | 3(19) | |
| Other | 1(6) | 0(0) | |
| Parental history of asthma | 6(38) | 3(19) | 0.43 |
| Maternal smoking during | 2(13) | 2(13) | 0.99 |
| pregnancy | |||
| Mode of birth | 0.26 | ||
| Vaginal birth | 9(56) | 12 (75) | |
| C-section | 7(44) | 4(25) | |
| Prematurity (gestational age, 32–37 weeks) | 5(31) | 3(19) | 0.69 |
| Previous breathing problems before the index hospitalization* | 5(31) | 4(25) | 0.99 |
| History of eczema | 2(13) | 4(25) | 0.65 |
| Ever attended daycare | 4(25) | 4(25) | 0.99 |
| Aeroallergen sensitization† | 0(0) | 0(0) | — |
| Food sensitization† | 5(31) | 1(6) | 0.17 |
| Other children at home | 14 (88) | 11(69) | 0.39 |
| Mostly breastfed for the first 3 months of age | 11(69) | 10 (63) | 0.71 |
| Smoke exposure at home | 3(19) | 1(6) | 0.60 |
| Antibiotic use before index hospitalization | 7(44) | 4(25) | 0.26 |
| Corticosteroid use before index hospitalization | 5(31) | 2(13) | 0.39 |
| Clinical presentation | |||
| Duration of breathing problem before the index hospitalization (day), median (IQR) | 3(1–11) | 3 (3–5) | 0.78 |
| Weight at presentation (kg), median (IQR) | 7.3 (5.0–8.2) | 6.2 (4.8–6.8) | 0.29 |
| Respiratory rate at presentation (per minute), median (IQR) | 48 (40–61) | 44 (34–65) | 0.63 |
| Oxygen saturation at presentation | 0.87 | ||
| <90% | 4(25) | 3(19) | |
| 90%−93% | 2(13) | 1(6) | |
| ≥94% | 9(56) | 11(69) | |
| Unknown | 1(6) | 1(6) | |
| Retractions on examination | 0.65 | ||
| None | 4(25) | 3(19) | |
| Mild | 4(25) | 7(44) | |
| Moderate/severe | 8(50) | 6(38) | |
| Wheezing on examination | 9(56) | 10 (63) | 0.72 |
| Received antibiotics during prehospitalization visit | 1(6) | 2(13) | 0.99 |
| Received corticosteroids during pre-hospitalization visit | 4(25) | 1(6) | 0.33 |
| Hospitalization course | |||
| Intensive care use† | 3(19) | 3(19) | 0.99 |
| Hospital length-of-stay ≥3 days | 7(44) | 9(56) | 0.48 |
| Hospital length-of-stay (day), median (IQR) | 2 (2–4) | 3 (2–3) | 0.68 |
Data are no. (%) of infants unless otherwise indicated. Patient characteristics, clinical presentation, and hospital course were compared by virus using chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, or Wilcoxon rank-sum test, as appropriate.
Abbreviations: RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; IQR, interquartile range; n/a, not applicable
*
Defined as an infant having cough that wakes him/her at night and/or causes emesis, or when the child has wheezing or shortness of breath without cough
†
Defined as admission to intensive care unit and/or use of mechanical ventilation (continuous positive airway pressure ventilation and/or intubation)