Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants.
| Variables | Education Level | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Formal Education (N = 150) | Primary (N = 63) | Secondary (N = 129) | Tertiary (N = 43) | Total (N = 385) | ||
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Gender | Male | 77 (51.3) | 47 (74.6) | 98 (75.9) | 33 (76.7) | 255 (66.2) |
| Female | 73 (48.7) | 16 (25.4) | 31 (24.0) | 10 (23.3) | 130 (33.8) | |
| Age | 65–74 | 99 (66.0) | 39 (61.9) | 97 (75.1) | 27 (62.8) | 262 (68.1) |
| 75–84 | 39 (26.0) | 21 (33.3) | 28 (21.7) | 13 (30.2) | 101 (26.2) | |
| ≥85 | 12 (8.0) | 3 (4.8) | 4 (3.1) | 3 (6.9) | 22 (5.7) | |
| Civil Status | Single | 3 (2.0) | 4 (6.4) | 2 (1.6) | 1 (2.3) | 10 (2.6) |
| Married | 116 (77.3) | 55 (87.3) | 108 (83.7) | 33 (76.7) | 312 (81.0) | |
| Widow | 29 (19.3) | 4 (6.4) | 14 (10.9) | 8 (18.6) | 55 (14.3) | |
| Divorced | 2 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (3.9) | 1 (2.3) | 8 (2.1) | |
| Employment Status | Employed | 37 (24.7) | 34 (53.9) | 98 (75.9) | 39 (90.7) | 208 (54.0) |
| Unemployed | 113 (75.3) | 29 (46.0) | 31 (24.0) | 4 (9.3) | 177 (45.9) | |
| Annual Income | Low class | 140 (93.3) | 55 (87.3) | 89 (68.9) | 5 (11.6) | 289 (75.1) |
| Middle class | 9 (6.0) | 8 (12.7) | 31 (24.0) | 15 (34.9) | 63 (16.4) | |
| Upper class | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (6.9) | 23 (53.5) | 33 (8.6) | |
| Residence | Rural | 84 (56.0) | 23 (36.5) | 22 (17.1) | 2 (4.7) | 131 (34.0) |
| Urban | 66 (44.0) | 40 (63.5) | 107 (82.9) | 41 (95.4) | 254 (65.9) | |
| Self- reported Health | Good | 8 (5.3) | 8 (12.7) | 10 (7.8) | 3 (6.9) | 29 (7.5) |
| Moderate | 80 (53.3) | 36 (57.1) | 92 (71.3) | 23 (53.5) | 231 (60.0) | |
| Poor | 62 (41.3) | 19 (30.2) | 27 (20.9) | 17 (39.5) | 125 (32.5) | |
| Health service utilization | Number of Clinic Visits of ≤3/year | 75 (50.0) | 30 (47.6) | 54 (41.9) | 13 (30.2) | 172 (44.7) |
| Number of Clinic Visits of ≥4/year | 75 (50.0) | 33 (52.4) | 75 (58.1) | 30 (69.8) | 213 (55.3) | |
| Health Risks | Smoking | 61 (40.7) | 28 (44.4) | 65 (50.4) | 18 (41.9) | 172 (44.7) |
| Alcohol Consumption | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.3) | 1 (0.3) | |
| Obesity | 34 (22.7) | 14 (22.2) | 36 (27.9) | 10 (23.3) | 94 (24.4) | |
| None | 55 (36.7) | 21 (33.3) | 28 (21.7) | 14 (32.6) | 118 (30.7) | |
| Co-morbidity | Present | 111 (74.0) | 44 (69.8) | 104 (80.6) | 36 (83.7) | 295 (76.6) |
| Absent | 39 (26.0) | 19 (30.2) | 25 (19.4) | 7 (16.3) | 90 (23.4) | |
| Number of Drugs | Four or less | 39 (26.0) | 19 (30.2) | 51 (39.5) | 18 (41.9) | 127 (32.9) |
| Polypharmacy (five to nine) | 103 (68.7) | 39 (61.9) | 70 (54.3) | 22 (51.2) | 234 (60.8) | |
| Excessive Polypharmacy (ten or more) | 8 (5.3) | 5 (7.9) | 8 (6.2) | 3 (6.9) | 24 (6.2) | |
| PIMS | Yes | 144 (96.0) | 55 (87.3) | 109 (84.5) | 34 (79.1)) | 342 (88.8) |
| No | 6 (4.0) | 8 (12.7) | 20 (15.5) | 9 (20.9) | 43 (11.2) | |
| Unplanned hospitalization | Yes | 97 (64.7) | 48 (76.2) | 52 (40.3) | 20 (46.5) | 217 (56.4) |
| No | 53 (35.3) | 15 (23.8) | 77 (59.7) | 23 (53.5) | 168 (43.6) | |