Table 2.

Single and combined diagnostic measures

Diagnostic features	Se	Sp	PPV	NPV	LR+	LR−	Accuracy	Youden's indexa
Single features
Acute levodopa challenge	0.70	0.94	0.97	0.52	12.3	0.32	0.76	0.64
HI	0.63	0.74	0.88	0.40	2.39	0.50	0.66	0.37
HT	0.61	0.77	0.89	0.40	2.68	0.51	0.65	0.38
AT	0.40	0.85	0.89	0.32	2.62	0.71	0.51	0.24
Combined features
Acute levodopa challenge + HI	0.90	0.70	0.90	0.71	2.99	0.14	0.85	0.60
Acute levodopa challenge + HT	0.90	0.74	0.91	0.72	3.42	0.13	0.86	0.64
Acute levodopa challenge + AT	0.83	0.81	0.93	0.62	4.41	0.20	0.83	0.65

Se, sensitivity; Sp, specificity; PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value; LR, likelihood ratio; HI, hyposmia by identification olfactory subscore; HT, hyposmia by total olfactory score; AT, anosmia by total olfactory score.

^aImproved results are indicated in bold.