Table 4.
Multivariate associations between impulsivity traits and indicators of non-substance addiction-related behaviors
| BESa | PCQb | IGDS9-SFb | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
| Urgencyc | 1.51 (0.72–2.29)*** | 1.24 (0.31–2.17)** | 4.30 (1.13–7.46)** | 2.74 (−0.92–6.39) | 0.96 (−1.35–3.27) | 0.41 (−2.27–3.09) |
| (Lack of) Premeditation | 0.43 (−0.41–1.26) | −0.84 (−1.82–0.13) | 2.34 (−0.93–5.60) | −1.34 (−5.22–2.55) | 0.44 (−1.93–2.80) | −0.79 (−3.67–2.10) |
| (Lack of) Perseverance | 1.29 (0.49–2.10)** | 1.12 (0.19–2.04)* | 4.48 (1.26–7.69)** | 3.89 (0.16–7.62)* | 1.95 (−0.36–4.25) | 2.11 (−0.56–4.78) |
| Sensation seeking | 0.73 (−0.13–1.59) | 0.53 (−0.38–1.43) | 2.59 (−0.88–6.05) | 2.00 (−1.70–5.71) | 0.30 (−2.12–2.72) | 0.37 (−2.30–3.03) |
Note. Values are coefficients from regression (95% confidence intervals), which have been X-standardized, that is, the coefficients, indicate the increase of the dependent variable given an increase in the UPPS variables of one standard deviation. Significant coefficients are in boldface. Abbreviations as in Table 1. Model 1: regression adjusted for age, gender, and years of education. Model 2: Regression adjusted for age, gender, years of education, and other impulsivity variables.
aOLS regression used. bTobit regression used due to a number of respondents scoring zero. cDue to a high degree of association between the positive and negative urgency scales, these scales were combined into one urgency variable.
*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.