Table 4.
Association between refractive errors and certain risk factors.
| Risk Factor | Refractive Errors | Myopia | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | (95% CI) | OR | (95% CI) | |||
| Lower | Upper | Lower | Upper | |||
| Age Groups (years) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 6-8 | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
| 9-11 | 1.12 | 0.69 | 1.81 | 0.93 | 0.50 | 1.75 |
| 12-14 | 1.44 | 0.69 | 3.05 | 1.21 | 0.45 | 3.23 |
| Mode of Living | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Urban | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
| Rural | 2.70 | 1.55 | 4.68 | 3.93 | 1.63 | 9.46 |
| Use of Electronic Devices (ED) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Non-users | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
| Users | 1.40 | 0.75 | 2.61 | 2.71 | 0.94 | 7.78 |
| Hours Using Elect. Devices | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Less than 2 Hours | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
| 3-5 Hours | 2.66 | 0.90 | 7.86 | 3.46 | 1.10 | 10.90 |
| More than 5 Hours | 1.88 | 0.56 | 6.29 | 3.10 | 0.80 | 12.03 |
| Outdoor Activities | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Yes | 1.00 | – | – | – | – | – |
| NO | 1.42 | 0.75 | 2.69 | 1.88 | 0.65 | 5.46 |
| Family History of RE | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| No | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
| Yes | 1.71 | 1.09 | 2.67 | 2.92 | 1.55 | 5.48 |
| Distance to TV Screen | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Close | 1.00 | – | – | 1.00 | – | – |
| Average | 0.56 | 0.24 | 1.28 | 0.59 | 0.21 | 1.68 |
| Far | 0.48 | 0.22 | 1.04 | 0.72 | 0.27 | 1.96 |