TABLE 4.
Clinical Measures of Knee Function Between Patients Who Underwent ACL Reconstruction and Nonoperative Treatment of ACL Injurya
| Operatively Treated | Nonoperatively Treated | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | 95% CI | Mean 6 SD | 95% CI | P Value | |
| Quadriceps index, % | 104.7 ± 17.9 | 100.6–108.9 | 103.1 ± 17.9 | 94.6–111.8 | .817 |
| Single-legged hop test, % | |||||
| Single | 101.1 ± 10.8 | 98.2–104.0 | 101.8 ± 7.4 | 97.7–105.9 | .463 |
| Crossover | 102.2 ± 10.4 | 99.4–105.0 | 97.8 ± 7.8 | 93.5–102.1 | .234 |
| Triple | 101.2 ± 9.4 | 98.6–103.7 | 100.9 ± 6.3 | 97.4–104.4 | .930 |
| 6-m timed | 101.2 ± 8.1 | 99.0–103.3 | 100.5 ± 5.5 | 97.4–103.5 | .955 |
| KOS-ADLS, % | 96.7 ± 4.5 | 95.7–97.7 | 95.5 ± 5.5 | 93.1–98.0 | .404 |
| GRS | 94.5 ± 6.9 | 93.0–96.0 | 87.2 ± 11.9 | 81.9–92.5 | .001b |
| IKDC | 92.1 ± 9.7 | 90.0–94.3 | 87.8 ± 11.9 | 82.5–93.1 | .195 |
| KOOS subscale | |||||
| Pain | 95.8 ± 6.6 | 94.3–97.3 | 94.2 ± 9.3 | 90.0–98.3 | .658 |
| Symptoms | 90.6 ± 10.0 | 88.4–92.8 | 92.0 ± 10.8 | 87.2–96.8 | .396 |
| ADL | 98.1 ± 4.4 | 97.1–99.0 | 97.5 ± 5.4 | 95.1–99.9 | .941 |
| Sport/recreation | 91.1 ± 12.8 | 88.3–94.0 | 89.5 ± 17.7 | 81.7–97.4 | .892 |
| QoL | 85.9 ± 17.7 | 82.0–89.9 | 77.0 ± 21.7 | 67.4–86.6 | .090b |
| Marx | 8.7 ± 4.8 | 7.6–9.7 | 7.0 ± 4.2 | 5.1–8.9 | .366 |
| TSK-11 | 16.2 ± 5.5 | 15.0–17.4 | 19.2 ± 5.0 | 17.0–21.4 | .035b |
| ACL-RSI | 8.0 ± 2.5 | 7.4–8.5 | 6.7 ± 3.1 | 5.3–8.1 | .100 |
| VAS Pain | |||||
| Current | 0.2 ± 0.5 | 0.1–0.3 | 0.3 ± 0.6 | 0.0–0.6 | .464 |
| Worst | 0.6 ± 1.1 | 0.4–0.9 | 1.5 ± 1.9 | 0.7–2.3 | .010 |
| Best | 0.1 ± 0.5 | 0.0–0.2 | 0.0 ± 0.2 | 0.0–0.1 | .987 |
| Effusion (yes), % | 43.7 | 31.8–55.5 | 10.5 | 4.7–25.7 | .016 |
| Activity level at 5 y,10,25 n (1:2:3:4) | 42:13:24:3 | — | 7:6:8:1 | — | .400 |
| Currently at preinjury activity level (yes), %10,25 | 61.0 | 50.0–72.0 | 50.0 | 27.0–73.0 | .349 |
Values are presented as mean ± SD unless noted otherwise. Boldface indicates statistically significant group differences after controlling for preinjury activity level (1 or 2), P < .05. ACL, anterior cruciate ligament; ACL-RSI, ACL–Return to Sports After Injury; ADL, activities of daily living; GRS, Global Rating Scale of Perceived Function; IKDC, International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form 2000; KOOS, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score; KOS-ADLS, Knee Outcome Survey–Activities of Daily Living; Marx, Marx Activity Rating Scale; QoL, quality of life; TSK-11, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia; VAS, visual analog scale.
Group difference exceeds minimal detectable change value in Table 1.