Table 3.
Multinomial Logistic Regression Models for Predicting Classes Identified in ELSA and HRS
| Variables | ELSA | HRS | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class 1 (n = 81) | Class 2 (n = 340) | Class 4 (n = 3,994) | Class 1 (n = 3,942) | Class 2 (n = 116) | Class 3 (n = 1,161) | Class 5 (n = 247) | |
| OR (95 % CI) | OR (95 % CI) | OR (95 % CI) | OR (95 % CI) | OR (95 % CI) | OR (95 % CI) | OR (95 % CI) | |
| Age | 1.15*** (1.12, 1.18) | 1.09*** (1.08, 1.11) | 1.07*** (1.06, 1.08) | 1.02*** (1.01, 1.03) | 1.12*** (1.09, 1.16) | 1.02** (1.01, 1.04) | 1.10*** (1.07, 1.13) |
| Health at baseline | 0.92 (0.89, 0.95) | 1.00 (0.99,1.01) | 0.72*** (0.71, 0.73) | 0.85*** (0.83, 0.84) | 0.95*** (0.93, 0.97) | 0.68*** (0.67, 0.69) | 1.03** (1.01, 1.04) |
| Formal qualification (ref. no) | 1.49 (0.93, 2.40) | 0.85*** (0.67, 0.91) | 0.78*** (0.67, 0.91) | 0.54*** (0.48,0.62) | 0.64* (0.42, 0.97) | 0.37*** (0.30, 0.46) | 0.61** (0.45, 0.83) |
| Gender (ref. male) | 1.19 (0.76, 1.87) | 1.10 (0.88,1.38) | 1.21** (1.04, 1.41) | 1.21** (1.09, 1.36) | 0.89 (0.59, 1.35) | 1.33** (1.07, 1.64) | 1.08 (0.82, 1.42) |
| Belonging to the 1st-2nd quintile of household wealth (ref. no) | 1.54 (0.97, 2.45) | 1.66*** (1.32, 2.10) | 1.74*** (1.49, 2.03) | 1.73*** (1.55, 1.95) | 2.77*** (1.84, 4.17) | 2.81*** (2.25, 3.50) | 1.30 (0.97, 1.74) |
| Number of chronic conditions (ref. 0) | |||||||
| 1 | 0.65 (0.38, 1.11) | 1.38** (1.09, 1.76) | 1.50*** (1.27, 1.77) | 1.73*** (1.53, 1.96) | 1.01 (0.62, 1.66) | 2.69*** (1.91, 3.80) | 1.04 (0.78, 1.40) |
| 2+ | 1.57 (0.85, 2.90) | 1.36 (0.92, 2.02) | 1.93*** (1.57, 2.38) | 3.82*** (3.33, 4.37) | 3.33*** (2.11, 5.24) | 10.53*** (7.60, 14.58) | 1.51* (1.06, 2.14) |
| Ethnicity (ref. whites) | |||||||
| African-American | - | - | - | 1.20** (1.04, 1.39) | 1.87** (1.17, 2.99) | 1.42** (1.10, 1.84) | 1.22 (0.85, 1.76) |
| Hispanic | - | - | - | 1.34** (1.10, 1.63) | 1.95* (1.07, 3.55) | 1.60** (1.16, 2.21) | 1.23 (0.78, 1.94) |
| Other | - | - | - | 1.09 (0.76, 1.56) | 2.39 (0.92, 6.23) | 1.51 (0.79, 2.89) | 0.82 (0.30, 2.25) |
Note: Full multinomial logistic regression model coefficients in the ELSA (reference category = Class 3; n = 7,491) and HRS (reference comparison category = Class 4, n = 7,182) studies. Ethnicity variable was considered only in the HRS study.
CI = Confidence interval; ELSA = English Longitudinal Study of Aging; HRS = Health and Retirement Study; OR = Odds ratio.