Table 12.
Detailed results and statistical analyses related to learning and memory
| Y-maze, spontaneous alternation behavior | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genotype | Cohort | Genotype × cohort | Pairwise comparisons | ||||||||||||||
| % of choices | Data structure | WT | Het | KO | F | p value | Power | F | p value | Power | F | p value | Power | WT vs Het | WT vs KO | Het vs KO | |
| Arm 1 | 2wANOVA | Normal | 32.34 ± 0.87 | 34.24 ± 0.92 | 32.77 ± 1.17 | 0.844 | 0.436 | 0.187 | 0.035 | 0.852 | 0.054 | 0.412 | 0.664 | 0.113 | − | − | - |
| Arm 2 | 2wANOVA | Normal | 35.17 ± 1.17 | 32.74 ± 1.1 | 35.18 ± 1.36 | 1.548 | 0.223 | 0.314 | 9.976 | 0.003 | 0.873 | 0.119 | 0.888 | 0.067 | − | − | - |
| Arm 3 | 2wANOVA | Normal | 32.19 ± 1.46 | 32.98 ± 1.09 | 32.04 ± 1.02 | 0.285 | 0.753 | 0.093 | 10.366 | 0.002 | 0.885 | 0.520 | 0.598 | 0.131 | − | − | - |
| Chance level comparison | Test | Data structure | All t | All p value | Power | WT t | WT p value | Power | Het t | Het p value | Power | KO t | KO p value | Power | |||
| Arm 1 | 1S-t test | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | Normal | |||
| Arm 2 | 1S-t test | Normal | 1.465 | 0.148 | NA | 1.578 | 0.132 | NA | -0.534 | 0.600 | NA | 1.354 | 0.193 | NA | |||
| Arm 3 | 1S-t test | Normal | -1.338 | 0.186 | NA | -0.772 | 0.450 | NA | -0.312 | 0.759 | NA | -1.262 | 0.223 | NA | |||
| Genotype | Cohort | Genotype × cohort | Pairwise comparisons | ||||||||||||||
| Test | Data structure | WT | Het | KO | F | p value | Power | F | p value | Power | F | p value | Power | WT vs Het | WT vs KO | Het vs KO | |
| Total number of choices | 2wANOVA | Normal | 43.42 ± 3.25 | 40.26 ± 2.54 | 38.47 ± 2.75 | 0.612 | 0.546 | 0.147 | 0.164 | 0.687 | 0.068 | 2.244 | 0.116 | 0.437 | − | − | - |
| Number of correct choice | 2wANOVA | Normal | 57.46 ± 1.59 | 60.68 ± 1.93 | 57.52 ± 1.61 | 1.227 | 0.302 | 0.256 | 2.987 | 0.090 | 0.396 | 0.927 | 0.402 | 0.202 | − | − | - |
| Number of type 1 errors | 2wANOVA | Normal | 37.8 ± 1.43 | 34.09 ± 1.59 | 38.29 ± 1.79 | 2.296 | 0.111 | 0.445 | 0.300 | 0.586 | 0.084 | 5.165 | 0.009 | 0.804 | − | − | - |
| Number of type 2 errors | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 4.04 ± 1.11 | 5.47 ± 1.02 | 4.51 ± 1.07 | 0.397 | 0.674 | 0.111 | 4.402 | 0.041 | 0.539 | 3.449 | 0.039 | 0.621 | − | − | - |
| Fear conditioning | |||||||||||||||||
| Training | Test | Data structure | F | p value | Power | WT vs Het | WT vs KO | Het vs KO | |||||||||
| - Time | rMeasures | Sph.viol | 43.998 | 0.000 | 1.000 | − | − | − | |||||||||
| - Time × genotype | rMeasures | Sph.viol | 3.194 | 0.002 | 0.970 | − | − | − | |||||||||
| - Genotype | rMeasures | Sph.viol | 14.505 | 0.000 | 0.998 | 0.809 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |||||||||
| - Cohort | rMeasures | Sph.viol | 12.351 | 0.001 | 0.932 | − | − | − | |||||||||
| - Time × gen. × coh. | rMeasures | Sph.viol | 0.602 | 0.782 | 0.281 | − | − | − | |||||||||
| - Gen. × coh. | rMeasures | Sph.viol | 0.494 | 0.613 | 0.127 | − | − | − | |||||||||
| Genotype | Cohort | Genotype × cohort | Pairwise comparisons | ||||||||||||||
| Training, individualtime bins | Test | Data structure | WT | Het | KO | F | pvalue | Power | F | pvalue | Power | F | pvalue | Power | WT vs Het | WT vs KO | Het vsKO |
| Habituation | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 16.85 ± 2.93 | 10.45 ± 2.37 | 21.6 ± 5.3 | 2.081 | 0.135 | 0.408 | 0.015 | 0.903 | 0.052 | 0.061 | 0.941 | 0.059 | − | − | - |
| Pre-tone 0-120 | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 10.45 ± 1.72 | 8.15 ± 1.43 | 21.01 ± 3.97 | 6.546 | 0.003 | 0.892 | 0.330 | 0.568 | 0.087 | 0.041 | 0.960 | 0.056 | 0.820 | 0.021 | 0.004 |
| Tone/shock 120-140 | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 10.58 ± 3.26 | 6.85 ± 2.82 | 19.94 ± 6.06 | 2.361 | 0.105 | 0.456 | 0.020 | 0.887 | 0.052 | 0.199 | 0.820 | 0.079 | − | − | - |
| Post-tone 140-260 | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 19.74 ± 3.73 | 18.83 ± 3.86 | 47.68 ± 6.71 | 13.149 | 0.000 | 0.996 | 5.506 | 0.023 | 0.634 | 2.222 | 0.119 | 0.433 | 0.990 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Tone/shock 260-280 | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 15.07 ± 4.7 | 24.58 ± 5.22 | 47.23 ± 7.47 | 7.613 | 0.001 | 0.934 | 0.026 | 0.871 | 0.053 | 0.762 | 0.472 | 0.173 | 0.507 | 0.001 | 0.027 |
| Tone/shock 260-280 | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 31.06 ± 5.14 | 37.88 ± 6.6 | 65.23 ± 6.72 | 12.505 | 0.000 | 0.995 | 18.006 | 0.000 | 0.986 | 0.640 | 0.532 | 0.151 | 0.650 | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Tone/shock 400-420 | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 31.03 ± 5.86 | 40.59 ± 7.61 | 65.21 ± 5.94 | 9.728 | 0.000 | 0.977 | 12.565 | 0.001 | 0.935 | 0.061 | 0.941 | 0.059 | 0.503 | 0.001 | 0.015 |
| Post-tone 420-540 | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 36.71 ± 6.53 | 47.61 ± 7.36 | 61.74 ± 6.78 | 7.880 | 0.001 | 0.942 | 45.207 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.135 | 0.874 | 0.070 | 0.303 | 0.003 | 0.139 |
| Context | Test | Data structure | F | p value | Power | WT vs Het | WT vs KO | Het vs KO | |||||||||
| - Time | rMeasures | Sph.ass | 4.558 | 0.004 | 0.880 | − | − | − | |||||||||
| - Time × genotype | rMeasures | Sph.ass | 0.675 | 0.670 | 0.262 | − | − | − | |||||||||
| - Genotype | rMeasures | Sph.ass | 1.788 | 0.178 | 0.357 | − | − | − | |||||||||
| - Cohort | rMeasures | Sph.ass | 0.542 | 0.465 | 0.112 | − | − | − | |||||||||
| - Time × gen.× coh. | rMeasures | Sph.ass | 0.918 | 0.481 | 0.355 | − | − | − | |||||||||
| - Gen. × coh. | rMeasures | Sph.ass | 1.026 | 0.366 | 0.219 | − | − | − | |||||||||
| Genotype | Cohort | Genotype × cohort | Pairwise comparisons | ||||||||||||||
| Context, individual time bins | Test | Datastructure | WT | Het | KO | F | p value | Power | F | pvalue | Power | F | p value | Power | WT vs Het | WT vs KO | Het vs KO |
| 0-60 | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 63.09 ± 5.13 | 57.19 ± 5.63 | 44.3 ± 6.21 | 2.643 | 0.081 | 0.502 | 0.582 | 0.449 | 0.116 | 0.558 | 0.576 | 0.137 | 0.750 | 0.063 | 0.261 |
| 60-120 | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 66.34 ± 6.83 | 66 ± 6.94 | 59.6 ± 7.41 | 0.230 | 0.795 | 0.084 | 0.676 | 0.415 | 0.127 | 2.233 | 0.118 | 0.435 | − | − | - |
| 120-180 | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 62.65 ± 7.14 | 62.11 ± 6.47 | 42.81 ± 7.83 | 2.263 | 0.114 | 0.440 | 0.392 | 0.534 | 0.094 | 0.958 | 0.390 | 0.207 | − | − | - |
| 180-240 | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 56.12 ± 6.56 | 54.45 ± 7.58 | 43.33 ± 6.29 | 0.944 | 0.396 | 0.205 | 0.073 | 0.788 | 0.058 | 0.109 | 0.897 | 0.066 | − | − | - |
| mean | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 62.05 ± 5.57 | 59.94 ± 5.31 | 47.51 ± 5.84 | 1.788 | 0.178 | 0.357 | 0.542 | 0.465 | 0.112 | 1.026 | 0.366 | 0.219 | − | − | - |
| Cued | Test | Data structure | F | p value | Power | WT vs Het | WT vs KO | Het vs KO | |||||||||
| - Time | rMeasures | Sph.viol | 25.753 | 0.000 | 1.000 | − | − | − | |||||||||
| - Time × genotype | rMeasures | Sph.viol | 3.101 | 0.002 | 0.968 | − | − | − | |||||||||
| - Genotype | rMeasures | Sph.viol | 5.657 | 0.006 | 0.841 | 0.645 | 0.007 | 0.065 | |||||||||
| - Cohort | rMeasures | Sph.viol | 4.255 | 0.044 | 0.525 | − | − | − | |||||||||
| - Time × gen. × coh. | rMeasures | Sph.viol | 4.116 | 0.000 | 0.995 | − | − | − | |||||||||
| - Gen. × coh. | rMeasures | Sph.viol | 1.616 | 0.209 | 0.326 | − | − | − | |||||||||
| Genotype | Cohort | Genotype × cohort | Pairwise comparisons | ||||||||||||||
| Cued, individual time bins | Test | Data structure | WT | Het | KO | F | p value | Power | F | p value | Power | F | p value | Power | WT vs Het | WT vs KO | Het vsKO |
| Pre-tone 0-60 | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 1.64 ± 1.14 | 0.4 ± 0.28 | 4.9 ± 2.59 | 1.897 | 0.160 | 0.376 | 5.996 | 0.018 | 0.671 | 1.527 | 0.227 | 0.310 | 0.841 | 0.311 | 0.114 |
| Pre-tone 60-120 | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 0.84 ± 0.38 | 1.96 ± 0.89 | 2.37 ± 0.88 | 1.056 | 0.355 | 0.225 | 18.576 | 0.000 | 0.988 | 0.747 | 0.479 | 0.170 | 0.461 | 0.238 | 0.896 |
| Tone 120-140 | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 10.94 ± 4.37 | 12.14 ± 4.53 | 25.23 ± 6.38 | 3.005 | 0.058 | 0.558 | 7.144 | 0.010 | 0.746 | 1.298 | 0.282 | 0.268 | 0.984 | 0.106 | 0.150 |
| Post-tone 140-200 | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 8.52 ± 2.11 | 7.41 ± 1.76 | 13.09 ± 3.74 | 1.367 | 0.264 | 0.281 | 1.610 | 0.210 | 0.238 | 0.118 | 0.889 | 0.067 | − | − | - |
| Post-tone 200-260 | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 2.29 ± 1.03 | 6.59 ± 1.53 | 10.03 ± 4.8 | 1.551 | 0.222 | 0.314 | 1.595 | 0.212 | 0.236 | 1.203 | 0.309 | 0.251 | − | − | - |
| Tone 260-280 | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 13.87 ± 5.15 | 19.36 ± 5.92 | 39.08 ± 7.75 | 7.219 | 0.002 | 0.921 | 15.352 | 0.000 | 0.970 | 7.888 | 0.001 | 0.942 | 0.733 | 0.003 | 0.025 |
| Post-tone 280-340 | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 8.92 ± 2.71 | 19.61 ± 5.1 | 26.7 ± 6.01 | 3.891 | 0.027 | 0.677 | 5.448 | 0.024 | 0.629 | 1.180 | 0.316 | 0.247 | 0.240 | 0.024 | 0.527 |
| Post-tone 340-400 | 2wANOVA | Nonnormal | 5.09 ± 1.34 | 9.96 ± 2.78 | 20.99 ± 4.81 | 6.189 | 0.004 | 0.874 | 1.570 | 0.216 | 0.233 | 1.068 | 0.351 | 0.227 | 0.549 | 0.003 | 0.054 |
WT, wild-type mice; Het, heterozygous mice; KO, homozygous knock-out mice. Group values are reported as mean ± SEM. Bold font indicates significant results (p < 0.05). Individual results and statistical analyses for cohorts 1 and 2 are available in Extended Data Table 12-1. 2wANOVA: 2-way ANOVA, rMeasures: repeated measures, one sample t test: 1S-t test, Norm: normal, No-norm: non-normal, Sph.ass: sphericity assumed, Sph.viol: sphericity violated, gen: genotype, coh: cohort. 2wANOVA: 2-way ANOVA, rMeasures: repeated measures, one sample t test: 1S-t test, Sph.ass: sphericity assumed, Sph.viol: sphericity violated, gen: genotype, coh: cohort.