Table 1.
Change in glycaemic and extra‐glycaemic effectiveness variables in the 4 groups
| Dapagliflozin | DPP‐4 inhibitors | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Baseline | Follow‐up | Delta | P | n | Baseline | Follow‐up | Delta | P | |
| Age, years | 830 | 60.2 ± 9.3 | 2999 | 67.2 ± 9.1 | ||||||
| Sex male % | 830 | 61.2 | 2999 | 59.3 | ||||||
| BMI, kg/mq | 748 | 33.1 ± 6.0 | 2644 | 29.1 ± 4.9 | ||||||
| Duration, years | 830 | 12.4 ± 8.2 | 2999 | 11.0 ± 7.7 | ||||||
| Follow‐up, days | 830 | 168.1 ± 55.5 | 2999 | 185.7 ± 49.0 | ||||||
| Weight, kg | 735 | 92.8 ± 19.0 | 90.1 ± 18.8 | −2.7 ± 3.5 | <.001 | 2420 | 79.7 ± 15.2 | 79.2 ± 15.0 | −0.5 ± 3.1 | <.001 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 513 | 138.6 ± 18.0 | 135.7 ± 17.1 | −3.0 ± 17.7 | <.001 | 1702 | 136.3 ± 18.0 | 135.6 ± 17.7 | −0.7 ± 19.6 | .122 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 512 | 80.4 ± 10.3 | 79.1 ± 9.2 | −1.3 ± 9.9 | .004 | 1701 | 78.3 ± 9.1 | 78.0 ± 9.0 | −0.3 ± 10.3 | .293 |
| FPG, mg/dL | 616 | 174.7 ± 53.3 | 146.6 ± 45.0 | −28.2 ± 54.5 | <.001 | 2004 | 153.4 ± 37.1 | 141.9 ± 34.1 | −11.5 ± 39.9 | <.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 751 | 8.6 ± 1.4 | 7.9 ± 1.3 | −0.7 ± 1.2 | <.001 | 2531 | 7.8 ± 0.9 | 7.1 ± 0.9 | −0.6 ± 1.0 | <.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 426 | 175.1 ± 40.6 | 171.6 ± 40.6 | −3.5 ± 34.7 | .039 | 1361 | 171.5 ± 35.7 | 166.1 ± 34.8 | −5.4 ± 29.8 | <.001 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 409 | 45.9 ± 13.8 | 47.6 ± 13.2 | 1.6 ± 8.1 | <.001 | 1293 | 48.9 ± 13.9 | 49.2 ± 13.6 | 0.3 ± 7.9 | .235 |
| TG, mg/dL | 420 | 171.0 ± 134.1 | 155.0 ± 113.4 | −15.9 ± 135.4 | .016 | 1325 | 142.2 ± 84.3 | 134.1 ± 72.3 | −8.1 ± 70.3 | <.001 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 387 | 95.3 ± 32.8 | 93.3 ± 33.4 | −2.0 ± 27.1 | .147 | 1238 | 94.4 ± 31.0 | 90.2 ± 30.3 | −4.2 ± 26.7 | <.001 |
| Gliclazide | GLP‐1RA | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Baseline | Follow‐up | Delta | P | n | Baseline | Follow‐up | Delta | P | |
| Age, years | 2111 | 67.5 ± 9.2 | 811 | 61.7 ± 9.1 | ||||||
| Sex male % | 2111 | 59.0 | 811 | 54.1 | ||||||
| BMI, kg/mq | 1851 | 29.8 ± 5.1 | 736 | 35.2 ± 5.7 | ||||||
| Duration, years | 2111 | 11.7 ± 7.5 | 811 | 10.0 ± 7.1 | ||||||
| Follow‐up, days | 2111 | 185.4 ± 59.4 | 811 | 168.8 ± 52.3 | ||||||
| Weight, kg | 1741 | 82.1 ± 16.0 | 82.1 ± 15.9 | −0.1 ± 3.2 | .393 | 685 | 97.9 ± 17.9 | 95.5 ± 18.0 | −2.4 ± 4.0 | <.001 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 1390 | 139.5 ± 19.6 | 139.6 ± 19.2 | 0.1 ± 19.2 | .894 | 386 | 140.2 ± 18.7 | 138.8 ± 16.8 | −1.4 ± 18.6 | .138 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 1389 | 78.7 ± 9.6 | 78.3 ± 9.1 | −0.3 ± 10.0 | .206 | 386 | 80.7 ± 9.6 | 81.0 ± 9.7 | 0.3 ± 10.7 | .556 |
| FPG, mg/dL | 1439 | 166.5 ± 44.8 | 151.7 ± 39.6 | −14.8 ± 49.6 | <.001 | 473 | 156.4 ± 35.6 | 139.2 ± 36.3 | −1‐7.2 ± 40.9 | <.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 1710 | 8.1 ± 1.2 | 7.5 ± 1.1 | −0.6 ± 1.3 | <.001 | 688 | 7.8 ± 0.8 | 7.1 ± 0.9 | −0.6 ± 1.0 | <.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 868 | 173.6 ± 39.8 | 165.6 ± 37.0 | −8.0 ± 31.3 | <.001 | 332 | 175.1 ± 43.1 | 163.5 ± 39.6 | −11.6 ± 35.8 | <.001 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 826 | 47.4 ± 13.3 | 47.4 ± 12.9 | 0.0 ± 7.6 | 1.000 | 318 | 45.2 ± 11.4 | 45.6 ± 11.7 | 0.4 ± 7.0 | .255 |
| TG, mg/dL | 843 | 155.1 ± 104.7 | 142.2 ± 78.3 | −12.9 ± 83.2 | <.001 | 336 | 174.0 ± 112.5 | 165.0 ± 102.8 | −8.9 ± 105.4 | .121 |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 785 | 95.7 ± 33.6 | 90.2 ± 31.8 | −5.5 ± 26.4 | <.001 | 308 | 95.1 ± 35.2 | 85.0 ± 35.4 | −10.1 ± 32.3 | <.001 |
Abbreviations: DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TG, triglycerides.
For each treatment group and for each variable, the number of patients with available data in both the baseline and follow‐up visit are reported. Values are mean ± SD.