Table 4.
Quality of counselling services, by study group and survey rounda
| Baseline | Endline | DIDa (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutrition‐focused MNCH | Standard MNCH | Nutrition‐focused MNCH | Standard MNCH | ||
| n = 1,000 | n = 1,000 | n = 1,000 | n = 1,000 | ||
| % | % | % | % | Percentage points | |
| Messages on dietary quality | |||||
| Five types of food in addition to rice and thick dal | 24.3 | 25.7 | 71.0 | 22.8 | 49.6 (34.1, 65.0) |
| Consume fish/meat daily | 79.0 | 78.0 | 91.3 | 84.2 | 6.01 (−4.29, 16.5) |
| Consume egg daily | 82.9 | 81.6 | 89.8 | 85.4 | 3.09 (−6.77, 12.9) |
| Consume milk/milk product daily | 69.3 | 67.3 | 78.9 | 69.3 | 7.58 (−6.23, 21.4) |
| Consume dark green leafy vegetable daily | 78.2 | 78.4 | 82.0 | 79.8 | 2.38 (−5.36, 10.1) |
| Consume yellow/orange fruit and vegetable daily | 45.5 | 47.9 | 67.0 | 40.7 | 28.7 (10.8, 46.5) |
| Consume thick daal everyday | 23.7 | 18.4 | 56.0 | 21.7 | 29.0 (11.6, 46.3) |
| Messages on dietary quantity | |||||
| A woman needs more energy and nutrients during pregnancy and lactation | 67.2 | 71.7 | 82.8 | 66.6 | 20.7 (7.82, 33.5) |
| A variety of foods in additional amounts is required to meet the demands of the growing fetus | 54.0 | 45.4 | 73.4 | 55.4 | 9.38 (−11.9, 30.7) |
| Messages received on taking IFA tablet | |||||
| IFA prevents anaemia | 39.9 | 39.2 | 74.7 | 39.6 | 34.4 (18.9, 49.9) |
| IFA reduce risk of low‐birthweight baby | 20.5 | 19.5 | 34.3 | 11.6 | 21.7 (4.05, 39.4) |
| IFA reduce risk of maternal death due to haemorrhage | 11.5 | 11.3 | 28.9 | 9.1 | 19.6 (6.77, 32.5) |
| Messages received on taking calcium tablet | |||||
| Calcium helps baby/s bone and teeth development | 25.4 | 26.1 | 70.0 | 33.7 | 37.0 (20.4, 53.5) |
| Calcium reduce risk of hypertension and eclampsia | 10.5 | 6.7 | 52.7 | 8.4 | 40.5 (21.6, 59.3) |
| Messages received on taking rest while pregnant | |||||
| Take rest at least for 2 hr after lunch | 85.3 | 77.7 | 90.8 | 81.0 | 2.19 (−6.09, 10.5) |
| Sleep for at least 8 hr at night | 22.3 | 21.3 | 57.5 | 26.8 | 29.7 (12.1, 47.2) |
| Taking rest is important for the growth of the baby | 16.1 | 16.2 | 28.6 | 20.0 | 8.73 (−3.97, 21.4) |
| Taking rest improves weight gain of the mother | 8.1 | 6.7 | 16.0 | 7.5 | 7.11 (−4.06, 18.3) |
| Messages received on gaining weight during pregnancy | |||||
| A woman should gain 10–12‐kg weight during pregnancy | 13.4 | 24.5 | 86.0 | 19.3 | 77.8 (65.4, 90.1) |
| Gaining weight indicates adequate growth of the fetus | 27.1 | 30.5 | 44.3 | 32.5 | 15.2 (−5.89, 36.4) |
| Messages on avoid heavy workload | 41.8 | 41.4 | 49.8 | 54.0 | −4.57 (−27.5, 18.3) |
Note. CI = confidence interval; DID = difference‐in‐difference; IFA = iron and folic acid; MNCH = maternal, neonatal, and child health.
a
Difference‐in‐difference impact estimate between baseline and endline adjusted for clustering effect at district and subdistrict levels.