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. 2018 Jun 11;24(5):1166–1176. doi: 10.1111/jep.12960

Table 1.

Sources of evidence for mechanisms

Direct manipulation: eg, in vitro or ex vivo experiments
Direct observation: eg, biomedical imaging, autopsy
Clinical studies: eg, RCTs, observational studies, case reports
Confirmed theory: eg, biochemistry
Analogy: eg, animal experiments
Simulation: eg, agent‐based models