Table 2.
Study characteristics of the included studies
| Study | Study characteristics | Measurement characteristics | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Setting | f2f sessions | Duration interventiona | Total BCT | Type of control | Physical activity | Physical function | Self‐efficacy | Pain intensity | Post and f/u measurements | |
| Andersen et al. (2015, 2016) | NR | 6 group sessions | 15 h, within 6 weeks | 10 |
1. Physical activity 2. Health guidanced |
VASb |
1. f/u 3 month 2. f/u 11 month |
|||
| Arvidsson et al. (2013) | NR | 10 group sessions | 15 h, within 1 year | 8 | Treatment as usual | SF‐36: PF |
1. post 2. f/u 6 month |
|||
| Asenlof et al. (2005) | Physical Therapy Clinic | 8–10 sessions | Mean = 3.2 months | 10 | Exercise | PDI | SES | NRSc |
1. post 2. f/u 3 month |
|
| Burckhardt et al. (1994) | NR |
1. 6 group sessions 2. 12 group sessionsd |
1. 9 h, within 6 weeks 2. 15 h, within 6 weeksd |
13 | Waiting list | FIQ: Physical function | SES | Tender points | Post | |
| Dworkin et al. (2002) | Pain clinic | 3 group sessions | 3 h 15 m within 2.5 months | 15 | Treatment as usual | Pain interference score | NRSe |
1. post 2. f/u 6 month 3. f/u 12 month |
||
| Ersek et al. (2008) | Retirement facility | 7 group sessions | 10 h 30 m | 14 | Workbook | RDQ | ASES | NRSe |
1. post 2. f/u 6 month 3. f/u 12 month |
|
| Gronning et al. (2012, 2013) | Hospital | 3 sessions, 1 individual session | 9 h 45 m | 9 | Treatment as usual | MHAQ | VAS |
1. f/u 4 month 2. f/u 12 month |
||
| Haas et al. (2005) | Community building | 6 group sessions | 15 h within six weeks | 13 | Waiting list | MvK: disability | NRSe | f/u 6 month | ||
| Hutting et al. (2015) | NR | 6 group sessions | 15 h within 6 weeks | 14 | Treatment as usual | DASH | GES | NRSf |
1. f/u 3 month 2. f/u 6 month 3. f/u 12 month |
|
| King et al. (2002) | University |
1. Ed: 12 group sessions. 2. EdEx: 36 group sessionsd |
1. Ed: 21 h 2. EdEx: 31hd |
11 |
1. Exercise 2. Workbookd |
SES | Tenderpoints |
1. post 2. f/u 3 month |
||
| Knittle et al. (2015) | Hospital | 1 group session, 4 individual sessions | NR (Duration of individual sessions = 3 h 10 m) within 18 weeks | 18 | Education | SQuAsH | HAQ | Self‐efficacy for PA |
1. post 2. f/u 6 month |
|
| Lefort et al. (1998) | Community setting | 6 group sessions | 12 h, within six weeks | 5 | Waiting list | 1. SF‐36: PF 2.SOPA‐Dd | SES | Post | ||
| Linton et al. (1997) | NR | 15 group sessions | 45 h, within 1 year | 7 |
1. Emotional support 2. Treatment as usuald |
MPI: general activity | SIP‐pain | MPI: pain severity | f/u 12 month | |
| Manning et al. (2014) | Hospital | 4 group sessions | 4 h, within 12 weeks | 16 | Treatment as usual | DASH | ASES: function | VAS |
1. post 2. f/u 6 mo |
|
| Moore et al. (2000) | NR | 2 group sessions, 1 individual session. | 2 h 48 m | 6 | Treatment as usual + self‐help book. | RDQ | NRS |
1. f/u 3 month 2. f/u 6 month 3. f/u 12 month |
||
| Nicholas et al. (2013, 2017) | Pain clinic | 8 group sessions | 16 h, within 4 weeks | 16 |
1. Exercise 2. waiting listc |
RMDQ | PSEQ | NRSf |
1. post 2. f/u 1 month 3. f/u 6 month 4. f/u 12 month |
|
| Stuifbergen et al. (2010) | NR | 8 group sessions | 16 h within 5 months | 13 | Active control: 8 classroom sessions + phone calls | HPLPII: physical activity |
1. SF‐36: PCS 2. FIQd |
SRAHP |
1. post 2. f/u 3 month 3. f/u 6 month |
|
| Taal et al. (1993) | NR | 6 group sessions | 15 h, within 6 weeks | 15 | Treatment as usual | AIMS: PA | MHAQ | ASES: function | AIMS: Pain |
1. post 2. f/u 3 month 3. f/u 13 month |
| Taylor et al. (2016) | Community buildings; hospitals; hospices; university premises | 3 day course | 16 h15 m, within 3 weeks | 26 | Treatment as usual + book and relaxation CD | CPG | PSEQ | CPG: pain intensity |
1. f/u 6 month 2. f/u 12 month |
|
| Von Korff et al. (1998) | NR | 4 group sessions | 8 h, within 4 weeks | Treatment as usual + book. |
1. RDQ 2. NRS pain interferencesscored |
NRSg |
1. f/u 3 month 2. f/u 6 month 3. f/u 12 month |
|||
AIMS, arthritis impact measuresment scales; ASES, arthritis self efficacy scale; CPG, chronic pain grade scale; DASH, disabilities of the arm shoulder and hand outcome measure; Ed, education; Ex, exercise; FIQ, fibromyalgia impact questionnaire; GES, general self‐efficacy scale; HAQ, health assessment questionnaire; HPLPII, health promoting lifestyle profileII; MHAQ, modified health assessment questionnaire; MPI, multidimensional pain inventory; MvK, modified von Korff scale; NR, not reported; NRS, numeric rating scale; PCS, physical component scale; PDI, pain disability index; RDQ, Roland Morris disability questionnaire; RMDQ, Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire; SES, self‐efficacy scale; SF‐36, short form 36; SIP, sickness impact profile; SOPA‐D, survey of pain attitudes, subscale disability; SquAsH, short questionnaire to assess health; SRAHP, self rated abilities for health practices scale; VAS, visual analogue scale.
Hours of face to face contact.
Average of the last seven days.
NRS of average pain score.
Not included in meta‐analysis.
Average of NRS rating ‘pain right now’, ‘worst pain’ and ‘usual pain’.
Pain in the previous week.
Average pain intensity in the preceding 3 months.