ESX‐1 secretion required for brain endothelial cell invasion. (a) FACS experiment showing uptake of M. marinum E11 and ESX‐1‐deficient M. marinum in RAW macrophages. No significant differences can be found in phagocytosis at 2 and 24 hpi. (b) Infection of brain endothelial cells show significant differences for both concentrations in uptake between M. marinum WT, the esx‐1 mutant, complemented esx‐1 mutant, and heat‐killed M. marinum WT, graph shows one out of three experiments with representative data, performed in triplo. *** = p < .005. (c) M. marinum WT (red) infects BECs (nuclei, cyan) and is transferred to the lysosome, shown by colocalisation of mycobacteria and LAMP1 (green; arrows). (d) 3D model of the same stack provides more evidence for the colocalisation of M. marinum with LAMP1, illustrated with two cross sections in this stack, visualised with green and red line. (e) Few esx‐1 mutant bacteria are found associated with BECs and clearly show no colocalisation with LAMP1. (f) 3D modelling of the same stack shows the probable extracellular localisation of the esx‐1 mutant