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. 2018 Oct 1;24(4):643–655. doi: 10.5056/jnm18040

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© 2018 The Korean Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Protein and mRNA levels of high-affinity choline transporter 1 (CHT1) in the colon. (A) Western blot analysis revealing that CHT1 protein expression in water avoidance stress (WAS) rats is increased compared to that in control rats. (B) Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showing that the CHT1 mRNA levels of WAS rats are higher than those of control rats. *P < 0.05 compared to controls.