Table 1:
Characteristics of youth with an emergency department first contact visit, by immigration status (2010–2014)
| Characteristic | Non-immigrants, n = 109 977 (92.5) |
Non-refugee immigrants, n = 6680 (5.6) | Refugee immigrants, n = 2194 (1.8) | Total, n = 118 851 (100) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| Age group, yr | ||||||||
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| 10–13 | 8994 | 8.2 | 253 | 3.8 | 69 | 3.1 | 9316 | 7.8 |
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| 14–17 | 37 039 | 33.7 | 1602 | 24.0 | 472 | 21.5 | 39 113 | 32.9 |
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| 18–21 | 41 632 | 37.9 | 2837 | 42.5 | 919 | 41.9 | 45 388 | 38.2 |
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| 22–24 | 22 312 | 20.3 | 1988 | 29.8 | 734 | 33.5 | 25 034 | 21.1 |
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| Sex | ||||||||
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| ||||||||
| Female | 58 765 | 53.4 | 3505 | 52.5 | 1138 | 51.9 | 63 408 | 53.4 |
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| Male | 51 212 | 46.6 | 3175 | 47.5 | 1056 | 48.1 | 55 443 | 46.6 |
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| Income quintile | ||||||||
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| 1 (low) | 25 369 | 23.1 | 1706 | 25.5 | 910 | 41.5 | 27 985 | 23.5 |
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| 2 | 21 647 | 19.7 | 1369 | 20.5 | 528 | 24.1 | 23 544 | 19.8 |
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| 3 | 20 873 | 19.0 | 1304 | 19.5 | 351 | 16.0 | 22 528 | 19.0 |
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| 4 | 21 366 | 19.4 | 1320 | 19.8 | 253 | 11.5 | 22 939 | 19.3 |
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| 5 (high) | 20 722 | 18.8 | 981 | 14.7 | 152 | 6.9 | 21 855 | 18.4 |
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| Urban | ||||||||
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| Yes | 98 935 | 90.0 | 6602 | 98.8 | 2187 | 99.7 | 107 724 | 90.6 |
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| Usual provider of primary care | ||||||||
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| Yes | 104 297 | 94.8 | 6395 | 95.7 | 2090 | 95.3 | 112 782 | 94.9 |
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| Primary care model | ||||||||
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| GP or FP enrolment program | 91 106 | 82.8 | 5499 | 82.3 | 1702 | 77.6 | 98 307 | 82.7 |
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| GP or FP fee-for-service | 8170 | 7.4 | 736 | 11.0 | 316 | 14.4 | 9222 | 7.8 |
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| Pediatrician | 5021 | 4.6 | 160 | 2.4 | 72 | 3.3 | 5253 | 4.4 |
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| No UPC | 5680 | 5.2 | 285 | 4.3 | 104 | 4.7 | 6069 | 5.1 |
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| Outpatient primary care visits in prior year (mean ± SD) | 6.1 ± 6.9 | – | 6.8 ± 7.8 | – | 7.3 ± 14.9 | – | 6.1 ± 7.2 | – |
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| ED visits in prior 2 years (mean ± SD) | 1.8 ± 2.9 | – | 1.0 ± 1.9 | – | 1.2 ± 2.2 | – | 1.8 ± 2.9 | – |
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| Low acuity ED visits in prior 2 years (mean ± SD) | 0.9 ± 1.8 | – | 0.4 ± 0.9 | – | 0.5 ± 1.0 | – | 0.9 ± 1.7 | – |
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| Mental health diagnosis at ED visit | ||||||||
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| Acute stress | 16 079 | 14.6 | 816 | 12.2 | 243 | 11.1 | 17 138 | 14.4 |
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| Anxiety | 22 423 | 20.4 | 1316 | 19.7 | 499 | 22.7 | 24 238 | 20.4 |
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| Mood or affective disorder | 20 359 | 18.5 | 1026 | 15.4 | 258 | 11.8 | 21 643 | 18.2 |
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| Residual self-harm | 10 620 | 9.7 | 740 | 11.1 | 298 | 13.6 | 11 658 | 9.8 |
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| Psychotic disorders | 3115 | 2.8 | 414 | 6.2 | 144 | 6.6 | 3673 | 3.1 |
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| Substance-related disorders | 28 966 | 26.3 | 2022 | 30.3 | 651 | 29.7 | 31 639 | 26.6 |
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| Other MHA disorders | 8415 | 7.7 | 346 | 5.2 | 101 | 4.6 | 8862 | 7.5 |
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| Admitted to hospital | ||||||||
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| Yes | 15 164 | 13.8 | 1146 | 17.2 | 345 | 15.7 | 16 655 | 14.0 |
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| Service time ED visit | ||||||||
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| Daytime | 30 408 | 27.6 | 1531 | 22.9 | 478 | 21.8 | 32 417 | 27.3 |
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| Evening and after hours | 40 712 | 37.0 | 2386 | 35.7 | 768 | 35.0 | 43 866 | 36.9 |
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| Night | 38 857 | 35.3 | 2763 | 41.4 | 948 | 43.2 | 42 568 | 35.8 |
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| ED visit on weekend or stat holiday | ||||||||
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| ||||||||
| Yes | 35 519 | 32.3 | 2364 | 35.4 | 810 | 36.9 | 38 693 | 32.6 |
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| Time since immigration, yr | ||||||||
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| Recent (0 to ≤ 5) | – | – | 871 | 13.0 | 342 | 15.6 | 1213 | 1.0 |
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| Intermediate (> 5 to ≤ 10) | – | – | 1973 | 29.5 | 715 | 32.6 | 2688 | 2.3 |
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| Long-term (> 10) | – | – | 3836 | 57.4 | 1137 | 51.8 | 4973 | 4.2 |
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| Region of origin | ||||||||
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| Africa | – | – | 435 | 6.5 | 419 | 19.1 | 854 | 0.7 |
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| Central America | – | – | 752 | 11.3 | 130 | 5.9 | 882 | 0.7 |
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| East Asia and Pacific | – | – | 1212 | 18.1 | 88 | 4.0 | 1300 | 1.1 |
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| Eastern Europe or Central Asia | – | – | 949 | 14.2 | 276 | 12.6 | 1225 | 1.0 |
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| Middle East | – | – | 793 | 11.9 | 306 | 13.9 | 1099 | 0.9 |
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| South America | – | – | 434 | 6.5 | 192 | 8.8 | 626 | 0.5 |
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| South Asia | – | – | 1166 | 17.5 | 607 | 27.7 | 1773 | 1.5 |
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| US/UK/Western Europe | – | – | 939 | 14.0 | 176 | 8.0 | 1115 | 0.9 |
Note: ED = emergency department, GP = general practitioner, FP = family practitioner, MHA = mental health and addictions, SD = standard deviation, UPC = usual provider of care.