Table 3:

Rate ratios from modified Poisson models for first contact emergency department mental health visits, full cohort, 2010–2014 (n = 118 851)

Covariate	Rate ratio (95% CI)	Adjusted rate ratio* (95% CI)
Immigration category (ref = non-immigrant)
Non-refugee immigrant	1.12 (1.10–1.15)	1.10 (1.08–1.13)
Refugee immigrant	1.19 (1.15–1.24)	1.17 (1.13–1.21)
Age, yr (ref = 22–24 yr)
10–13	0.95 (0.93–0.98)	1.04 (1.01–1.07)
14–17	1.04 (1.02–1.06)	1.09 (1.08–1.11)
18–21	1.09 (1.07–1.11)	1.09 (1.08–1.11)
Sex (ref = female)
Male	1.10 (1.08–1.11)	1.05 (1.04–1.06)
Rural residence (ref = urban)
Rural	1.18 (1.16–1.20)	1.17 (1.15–1.19)
Income quintile (ref = 5, high)
1 (low)	1.07 (1.05–1.09)	1.06 (1.04–1.08)
2	1.03 (1.01–1.04)	1.02 (1.01–1.04)
3	1.02 (1.01–1.04)	1.03 (1.01–1.05)
4	1.00 (0.99–1.02)	1.01 (0.99–1.03)
Specialty of UPC (reference = GP or FP model)
GP or FP fee-for-service	1.12 (1.10–1.14)	1.12 (1.09–1.14)
Pediatrician	0.83 (0.80–0.86)	0.84 (0.81–0.87)
None	1.91 (1.89–1.92)	1.80 (1.79–1.82)
High-acuity ED visits in prior 2 years, visits (reference = none [0 visits])
High (≥ 3)	0.73 (0.71–0.74)	0.76 (0.74–0.78)
Moderate (2)	0.81 (0.79–0.83)	0.84 (0.82–0.86)
Low (1)	0.87 (0.86–0.88)	0.89 (0.87–0.90)
Low-acuity ED visits in prior 2 years, visits (reference = none [0 visits])
High (≥ 3)	0.91 (0.89–0.93)	0.98 (0.96–1.00)
Moderate (2)	0.94 (0.92–0.96)	0.99 (0.97–1.01)
Low (1)	0.95 (0.94–0.96)	0.98 (0.97–0.99)
Visit time (reference = day: weekdays 8:01–16:00)
Evening or after hours (16:01–24:00 weekdays, 08:01–16:00 weekends)	1.07 (1.05–1.08)	1.06 (1.05–1.08)
Night (00:01–8:00 weekdays, 16:01–8:00 weekends)	1.32 (1.30–1.34)	1.30 (1.28–1.32)

Note: CI = confidence interval, ED = emergency department, FP = family practitioner, GP = general practitioner, UPC = usual provider of care.

^*Adjusted for all predictors of interest except mental health diagnosis and immigrant-specific predictors.