Table 1.

Participant characteristics

	Clinical Probands	Siblings**	Controls
Sample size	1463	1399	904
Sex [percent female]	254 [17.36%]	651 [46.53%]	263 [20.09%]
Race/Ethnicity*
African-American	119 [8.13%]	81 [5.79%]	47 [5.12%]
Non-Latino Caucasian	605 [41.35%]	476 [33.81%]	386 [42.70%]
Multi-ethnic	233 [15.93%]	181 [12.94%]	257 [28.43%]
Other/Unreported	506 [34.59%]	661 [47.25%]	214 [23.67%]
Age at ascertainment†	16.33 [1.29]	17.50 [3.45]	16.50 [3.17]
Age at death or at end of observation period†	31.49 [4.22]	32.17 [5.31]	35.44 [4.82]
Lifetime conduct disorder symptoms at ascertainment†‡	5.36 [2.85]	2.51 [2.40]	1.31 [1.77]
Lifetime conduct disorder diagnosis at ascertainment*‡	1198 [64.34%]	508 [27.28%]	156 [8.38%]
Substance Dependence diagnosis ascertainment*	1127 [70.44%]	409 [25.56%]	64 [4.00%]
Total substance abuse/dependence symptoms across substance at ascertainment†	17.51 [12.32]	6.71 [9.75]	1.32 [3.33]
Number of substances used > 5 times at ascertainment†	3.92 [1.94]	2.24 [2.00]	1.06 [1.48]
Substance abuse/dependence vulnerability index at ascertainment†	4.23 [2.09]	1.70 [1.80]	0.53 [1.08]

Note: Total substance abuse/dependence symptoms reflects the sum of symptom counts for multiple substances. Substance abuse/dependence vulnerability index reflects the total symptom count divided by the number of substances used greater than five times.

^*Number [percent of sample]

^**Siblings indicates siblings of clinical probands

^†Mean [standard deviation]

^‡Participants aged 18 or above at assessment were assessed for conduct disorder symptoms retrospectively.