Table 1.
Biomarkers included in the laboratory-based cumulative deficits index based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
| Biomarker | Body system/Process | Early dyfunction cutpointsa | % Early dysfunction |
|---|---|---|---|
| Albumin (μg/ml) | Liver, nutrition | ⩽4.0 | 28.1 |
| AST (units/l) | ⩾27.0 | 27.7 | |
| Calcium (mg/dl) | Bone, nutrition | ⩽9.1; ⩾9.9 | 30.5 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | Kidney | ⩾1.0 | 27.5 |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | Pancreas | ⩾94 | 25.9 |
| Heamoglobin (g/dl) | Bone marrow | M: ⩽14.9; F: ⩽12.6 | 26.6 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (units/l) | Liver, biliary tract | ⩾79.0 | 25.9 |
| Phosphorus (mg/dl) | ⩽3.2; ⩾4.5 | 26.1 | |
| Potassium (mmol/l) | Kidney, endocrine | ⩽3.6; ⩾4.3 | 29.4 |
| Total protein (g/dl) | Nurition, inflammation & myeloma | ⩾7.6 | 25.5 |
| Sodium (mmol/l) | Kidney, liver, heart | ⩽137; ⩾141 | 22.1 |
| BUN (mg/dl) | Kidney | ⩾13 | 27.2 |
| White blood cell count (1000 cells/μl) | Inflammation | ⩾8.9 | 25.9 |
| Platelet count (1000 cells/μl) | Inflammation | ⩽201; ⩾345 | 25.4 |
| Segmented neutrophils number | ⩾5.6 | 25.9 | |
| Cholesterol (mg/dl) | Liver, heart risk | ⩾225 | 25.1 |
| HDL (mg/dl) | Heart risk | M: ⩽40; F: ⩽47 | 26.9 |
| Uric acid (mg/dl) | Joints, kidney | M: ⩽6.7; F: ⩽5.0 | 27.7 |
| Chloride (mmol/l) | Metabolism, kidney | ⩽101; ⩾106 | 37.7 |
| Lactic dehydrogenase (units/l) | Liver, malignancy | ⩾135 | 25.6 |
| GGT (units/l) | Liver | ⩾29 | 25.4 |
| Bilirubin (mg/dl) | Biliary tract, gall bladder | ⩾0.90 | 29.0 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | Metabolism, heart risk | ⩾155 | 25.1 |
| Globulins (g/dl) | Inflammation | ⩾3.3 | 26.9 |
| SGPT (units/l) (ALT) | Liver | ⩾31 | 25.1 |
| Bicarbonate (milli-EQ/l) | Metabolism, liver, kidney | ⩽22; ⩾27 | 20.6 |
| C-Reactive Protein | Inflammation | ⩾0.49 | 25.3 |
| Iron (μg/dl) | ⩽46; ⩾129 | 25.7 |
M, male; F, female.
a
Early dysfunction based on below or above the quartile cutpoint.
Results based on 2003–2004 wave; process was replicated in subsequent waves.