Table 3.

The descriptive statistics of the cumulative deficits index and the distribution of the cumulative deficits index by key demographic characteristics in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003–2004 and 2009–2010.

	Wave 1		Wave 2
	2003–2004		2009–2010
	N = 2168		N = 2546
Mean cumulative deficits index	0.30		0.27
	Mean	P	Mean	P
Age (year)	0.0017	<0.001	0.0025	<0.001
Gender
Male	Ref		Ref.
Female	−0.075	<0.001	−0.068	<0.001
Race/Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White	Ref		Ref.
Non-Hispanic Black	0.027	<0.001	0.035	0.001
Mexican American	0.04	<0.001	0.031	<0.05
Other Hispanic	0.045	0.01	0.024	0.06
Other race	0.025	0.05	0.0004	0.97
Education
College grad and above	Ref.		Ref.
Some college	0.021	<0.01	0.036	<0.001
High school graduate	0.035	<0.001	0.045	<0.001
Less than high school	0.048	<0.001	0.06	<0.001
Ever smoker
No	Ref.		Ref.
Yes	0.021	<0.01	0.013	<0.05
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Under weight (less than 18.5)	−0.010	0.54	0.011	0.41
Normal (⩾18.5; <25)	Ref.		Ref.
Overweight (⩾25, <30)	0.054	<0.001	0.045	<0.001
Obese (⩾30)	0.1	<0.001	0.11	<0.001

Results based on linear regression models; P values reflect a two-sided test.