Table 4.
Results of the regression analysis examining the association between measures of pathogen burden and the cumulative deficits index in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003–2004 and 2009–2010
| Model 1: No controls | Model 2: Base controls (Age, Sex, BMI, and Smoking) | Model 3: Base + Race | Model 4: Base + Education | Model 5: Full | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Single pathogen association | Coeff | P | Coeff | P | Coeff | P | Coeff | P | Coeff | P |
| Wave 1: N = 2168 | ||||||||||
| CMV | 0.01 | <0.05 | 0.02 | <0.001 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.02 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 0.15 |
| HSV-1 | 0.02 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.27 | 0.01 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 0.42 |
| HSV-2 | 0.01 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.39 | 0.01 | 0.19 | 0.00 | 0.47 |
| HPV | −0.02 | <0.01 | −0.01 | 0.21 | −0.01 | 0.25 | −0.01 | 0.22 | −0.01 | 0.24 |
| Syphilis | −0.02 | 0.58 | −0.01 | 0.63 | −0.02 | 0.41 | −0.02 | 0.48 | −0.02 | 0.36 |
| Toxoplasmosis | 0.02 | <0.05 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.29 | 0.01 | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.36 |
| HIV | 0.12 | <0.01 | 0.12 | <0.01 | 0.11 | <0.05 | 0.11 | <0.01 | 0.11 | <0.05 |
| Pathogen summary score | ||||||||||
| Continuous | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.004 | 0.04 | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.003 | 0.11 |
| Categories | ||||||||||
| 0–1 Pathogens | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||||
| 2 Pathogens | 0.01 | 0.46 | 0.01 | 0.28 | 0.00 | 0.97 | 0.01 | 0.53 | −0.001 | 0.89 |
| 3 Pathogens | 0.01 | 0.28 | 0.02 | <0.05 | 0.01 | 0.44 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.004 | 0.58 |
| 4+ Pathogens | 0.01 | 0.23 | 0.02 | <0.05 | 0.01 | 0.34 | 0.02 | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.58 |
| Latent class analysis | ||||||||||
| ‘Low burden’ | ||||||||||
| ‘Common pathogens’ | 0.05 | <0.001 | 0.05 | <0.001 | 0.04 | <0.001 | 0.04 | <0.001 | 0.04 | <0.001 |
| ‘High Burden’ class | 0.04 | <0.001 | 0.04 | <0.001 | 0.03 | <0.001 | 0.04 | <0.001 | 0.03 | <0.001 |
| Wave 2: N = 2246 | ||||||||||
| HSV-1 | 0.02 | <0.01 | 0.02 | <0.05 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.17 | 0.01 | 0.29 |
| HSV-2 | 0.02 | <0.01 | 0.02 | <0.05 | 0.01 | 0.20 | 0.01 | 0.19 | 0.004 | 0.55 |
| HPV | −0.01 | <0.05 | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 | <0.05 | 0.01 | <0.05 | 0.01 | <0.05 |
| Toxoplasmosis | 0.03 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 0.220 | 0.005 | 0.49 | 0.00 | 0.73 | 0.00 | 0.93 |
| HIV | 0.16 | <0.001 | 0.13 | <0.01 | 0.12 | <0.01 | 0.13 | <0.01 | 0.12 | <0.01 |
| Pathogen summary score | ||||||||||
| Continuous | 0.01 | <0.001 | 0.01 | <0.001 | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 | <0.05 | 0.01 | 0.06 |
| Categories | ||||||||||
| 0–1 Pathogens | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||||
| 2 Pathogens | 0.01 | <0.05 | 0.02 | <0.05 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 0.28 |
| 3 Pathogens | 0.02 | <0.05 | 0.02 | <0.05 | 0.02 | <0.05 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.15 |
| 4+ Pathogens | 0.08 | <0.001 | 0.08 | <0.001 | 0.07 | <0.001 | 0.06 | <0.001 | 0.06 | <0.001 |
| Latent class analysis | ||||||||||
| Low burden | ||||||||||
| ‘Common pathogens’ | 0.02 | <0.01 | 0.02 | <0.01 | 0.01 | <0.05 | 0.01 | 0.110 | 0.01 | 0.18 |
| ‘High burden’ class | 0.04 | <0.001 | 0.03 | <0.001 | 0.03 | <0.01 | 0.02 | <0.01 | 0.02 | <0.05 |
Coeff, coefficient; P, P-value.
Results are based on linear regression models using complex survey weights.
Significant results at α = 0.05 are bolded.