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. 2018 Oct 8;8:14964. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33389-9

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Performance of the robust and deterministic solutions taking into account multiple sources of uncertainty (climate development, economic development and forest disturbances) and dispersal capacities. The upper half of the figure shows the expected Net Present Value (NPV) of the solutions and the lower half displays the Value-at-Risk of the same solutions. The figure was created using RStudio 1.1.456 (https://www.rstudio.com/).