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. 2018 Oct 8;8:14979. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33175-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(A) The PDT device. (a,b) An Na-Li lamp was used as a light source along with a 37 °C water filter, a fan to prevent increases in specimen temperature. (c) For the whole blood PDT experiments, whole blood was circulated using a Perista-pump during light exposure. (B) Accumulation of PpIX in TLOm1 cells after incubation with 1 mM ALA. (a,b) 0 mM ALA, (c,d) 1 mM ALA, (a,c) Phase-contrast microscope, (b,d) Fluorescent microscope. Bar indicates 15 µm. Strong PpIX fluorescence in TLOm1 cells was observed only after incubation with 1 mM ALA. (C,D) Dose-response experiments. Dose response of 5ALA from 0–1.0 mM against PpIX fluorescence in TLOm1 cells. (E,F) Time course experiments. Incubation time dependence of PpIX fluorescence in TLOm1 cells after addition of 1 mM ALA to culture medium.