Figure 1.

Alpha-diversity of the lung bacterial communities in LC and emphysema patients. A. Number of observed OTUs (operational taxonomic units), a measure of species richness; B. Shannon diversity index, a measure of species richness and evenness. The P values of the Kruskal-Wallis test refer to the comparison among the three groups: emphysema-only (n = 10, red circles), LC only (n = 11, blue circles), and both LC and emphysema (n = 19, green circles). The P values of the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, refer to the comparison between emphysema-only (red circles, n = 10) and LC patients with or without emphysema (blue and green circles, n = 30).