Table 4.
Biomarkers concentrations by metabolic health status and HIV serostatus.
| Biomarkers | Metabolically healthy | Metabolically unhealthy | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIV (−) (n) | HIV (−)∗ | HIV (+) (n) | HIV (+)∗ | P value | HIV (−) (n) | HIV (−)∗ | HIV (+) (n) | HIV (+)∗ | P value | |
| BMI < 25 kg/m2 | ||||||||||
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 115 | 1.1 (0.6–1.8) | 159 | 1.3 (0.8–2.1) | 0.034 | 9 | 1.1 (1–1.6) | 40 | 1.9 (1.1–2.3) | 0.121 |
| hs-CRP (μg/mL) | 118 | 0.8 (0.4–1.3) | 159 | 1.1 (0.5–2.6) | 0.001 | 9 | 1 (0.3–1.2) | 40 | 1.6 (0.8–2.9) | 0.054 |
| sTNFRI (pg/mL) | 118 | 1075 (914–1317) | 160 | 1151 (948–1421) | 0.146 | 9 | 848 (699–1319) | 41 | 1416 (1171–1811) | 0.003 |
| sTNFRII (pg/mL) | 118 | 5496 (4737–6595) | 160 | 6302 (5307–7531) | 0.001 | 9 | 5904 (3912–6065) | 41 | 7126 (6343–10467) | 0.001 |
| sCD 163 (ng/mL) | 113 | 511 (418–674) | 150 | 601 (451–807) | 0.002 | 9 | 549 (323–655) | 37 | 699 (577–893) | 0.013 |
| sCD 14 (ng/mL) | 111 | 1341 (1126–1549) | 151 | 1728 (1517–2015) | <0.001 | 9 | 1221 (1158–1425) | 35 | 1807 (1539–2204) | <0.001 |
| Adiponectin (ng/mL) | 117 | 9441 (6955–13399) | 158 | 8375 (4850–12397) | 0.025 | 9 | 3654 (3111–5020) | 40 | 4392 (2375–8370) | 0.928 |
| Leptin (pg/mL) | 117 | 2958 (1556–4924) | 158 | 2733 (1540–5208) | 0.977 | 9 | 3436 (3082–3972) | 40 | 3995 (1764–7720) | 0.969 |
| Abdominal VAT area (cm2) | 123 | 87 (54–118) | 164 | 108 (62–154) | 0.006 | 9 | 145 (114–165) | 41 | 182 (139–217) | 0.024 |
| Thigh subcutaneous fat area (cm2) | 124 | 35 (26–44) | 164 | 18 (7–31) | <0.001 | 9 | 32 (26–35) | 41 | 10 (4–18) | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR (mmol/L × μU/mL) | 107 | 2 (2-3) | 135 | 3 (2-3) | <0.001 | 9 | 3 (2–4) | 40 | 4 (3–6) | 0.056 |
|
| ||||||||||
| BMI > 30 kg/m2 | ||||||||||
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 30 | 1.4 (1–1.8) | 23 | 1.6 (1–2.3) | 0.747 | 53 | 2 (1.5–3) | 58 | 1.8 (1.3–2.5) | 0.277 |
| hs-CRP (μg/mL) | 30 | 1.4 (0.9–3.8) | 22 | 1.4 (0.8–2.8) | 0.42 | 55 | 2.7 (0.9–5.2) | 59 | 1.7 (0.9–3) | 0.179 |
| sTNFRI (pg/mL) | 30 | 1240 (1017–1309) | 23 | 1226 (1023–1499) | 0.74 | 55 | 1275 (1056–1485) | 59 | 1150 (946–1499) | 0.269 |
| sTNFRII (pg/mL) | 30 | 6120 (4976–6961) | 23 | 5751 (5008–7785) | 0.964 | 55 | 6479 (5511–7818) | 59 | 53 | 0.816 |
| sCD 163 (ng/mL) | 30 | 597 (424–705) | 23 | 646 (513–793) | 0.116 | 52 | 628 (503–813) | 58 | 686 (486–835) | 0.484 |
| sCD 14 (ng/mL) | 30 | 1250 (1078–1433) | 23 | 1453 (1336–1672) | 0.01 | 53 | 1274 (1133–1447) | 58 | 1495 (1240–1771) | 0.002 |
| Adiponectin (ng/mL) | 30 | 6464 (4916–7964) | 23 | 6167 (3876–8089) | 0.74 | 54 | 5025 (3862–6657) | 60 | 4359 (3044–5910) | 0.135 |
| Leptin (pg/mL) | 30 | 13887 (10703–21452) | 23 | 14262 (8409–16957) | 0.66 | 54 | 18829 (12350–28725) | 60 | 13318 (10965–20808) | 0.028 |
| Abdomen visceral fat area (cm2) | 31 | 190 (140–263) | 23 | 183 (134–242) | 0.766 | 60 | 262 (202–325) | 62 | 267 (205–352) | 0.456 |
| Thigh subcutaneous fat area (cm2) | 31 | 83 (69–123) | 23 | 62 (41–94) | 0.004 | 60 | 82 (61–101) | 62 | 44 (26–74) | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR (mmol/L × μU/mL) | 29 | 3 (2–4) | 22 | 3 (2–4) | 0.718 | 53 | 5 (4–8) | 58 | 6 (4–10) | 0.422 |
∗Median (interquartile range); HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL-6: interleukin-6; IQR: interquartile range; sCD163: soluble CD163; sCD14: soluble CD14; sTNFRI-II: soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor I-II; VAT: visceral adipose tissue.