Table 1.
Number of reported Amy genes in insects from the literature or from genome database searches.
| Order | Species | Number of Amy copies | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diptera | Drosophila melanogaster | 2 + Amyrel | 28, FlyBase |
| Drosophila ficusphila | 2 + Amyrel | FlyBase | |
| Drosophila eugracilis | 2 + Amyrel | FlyBase | |
| Drosophila biarmipes | 2 + Amyrel | FlyBase | |
| Drosophila takahashii | 2 + Amyrel | FlyBase | |
| Drosophila elegans | 3 + Amyrel | FlyBase | |
| Drosophila rhopaloa | 2 + Amyrel | FlyBase | |
| Drosophila kikkawai | 4 + Amyrel | 29 | |
| Drosophila ananassae | 6 + Amyrel | 30, FlyBase | |
| Drosophila bipectinata | 2 + ψ + Amyrel | FlyBase | |
| Drosophila pseudoobscura | 3 + Amyrel | 31, FlyBase | |
| Drosophila persimilis | 3 + Amyrel | FlyBase | |
| Drosophila miranda | 2 + ψ+ Amyrel | 32 | |
| Drosophila willistoni | 2 + ψ + Amyrel | FlyBase | |
| Drosophila mojavensis | 1 + Amyrel | FlyBase | |
| Drosophila virilis | 1 + Amyrel | FlyBase | |
| Drosophila albomicans | 2 + Amyrel | FlyBase | |
| Drosophila grimshawi | 1 + Amyrel | FlyBase | |
| Drosophila hydei | 1 + Amyrel | FlyBase | |
| Ceratitis capitata | 2 + Amyrel | GenBank | |
| Musca domestica | 5 + Amyrel | 33, FlyBase | |
| Glossina morsitans | 1 + ψ | FlyBase | |
| Culex quinquefasciatus | 12 | FlyBase | |
| Aedes albopictus | 13 | GenBank | |
| Aedes aegypti | 9 | GenBank | |
| Anopheles darlingi | 5 | FlyBase | |
| Anopheles gambiae | 5 | FlyBase | |
| Mayetiola destructor | 1 | FlyBase | |
| Rhagoletis zephyria | 3-4 ? | GenBank | |
| Bactrocera oleae | 4 | GenBank | |
| Lucilia cuprina | 4 | GenBank | |
| Zeugodacus cucurbitae | 4 + ψ? | GenBank | |
| Lepidoptera | Bombyx mori | 3 | 34, FlyBase |
| Danaus plexippus | 4 | FlyBase | |
| Papilio machaon | 4 | GenBank | |
| Papilio polytes | 4 | GenBank | |
| Papilio xuthus | 4 | GenBank | |
| Ephestia kuehniella | 3 | 35 | |
| Spodoptera litura | 4 | GenBank | |
| Spodoptera frugiperda | 2 | 5 | |
| Helicoverpa armigera | 5 | 22,36, GenBank | |
| Plutella xylostella | 4 | GenBank | |
| Chilo suppressalis | 2 | Da Lage, unpubl. | |
| Glyphodes pyloalis | 2 | 37 | |
| Bicyclus anynana | 3 | GenBank | |
| Pieris rapae | 3 | GenBank | |
| Coleoptera | Tribolium castaneum | 7-9 | Hickey, unpublished, 38, GenBank |
| Hypothenemus hampei | 2 ? | 39 | |
| Blaps mucronata | 2 | 5 | |
| Sitophilus oryzae | 2 | 38,40 | |
| Tenebrio molitor | 1 | 38 | |
| Diabrotica virgifera | 2 | 41 | |
| Anthonomus grandis | 2 | 42 | |
| Ips typographus | 2 | 43 | |
| Acanthoscelides obtectus | 2 | 44 | |
| Zabrotes subfasciatus | 3 “isoforms” | 45 | |
| Aethina tumida | 3 | GenBank | |
| Anoplophora glabripennis | 4 | GenBank | |
| Agrilus planipennis | 3 | GenBank | |
| Onthophagus taurus | 4 | GenBank | |
| Hymenoptera | Apis mellifera | 1 | 46, Hymenoptera genome database |
| Apis florea | 1 | Hymenoptera genome database | |
| Apis dorsata | 1 | Hymenoptera genome database | |
| Bombus terrestris | 1 | Hymenoptera genome database | |
| Bombus impatiens | 1 | Hymenoptera genome database | |
| Megachile rotundata | 1 | Hymenoptera genome database | |
| Melipona quadrifasciata | 1 | Hymenoptera genome database | |
| Nasonia vitripennis | 5 | Hymenoptera genome database | |
| Acromyrmex echinatior | 2 | Hymenoptera genome database | |
| Atta cephalotes | 2 | Hymenoptera genome database | |
| Solenopsis invicta | 2 | Hymenoptera genome database | |
| Camponotus floridanus | 2 | Hymenoptera genome database | |
| Blattodea | Blattella germanica | 3 | GenBank |
| Periplaneta americana | 1 | 47 | |
| Zootermopsis nevadensis | 2 | GenBank | |
| Cryptotermes secundus | 3 | GenBank | |
| Phasmatodea | Timema cristinae | 2 | InsectBase |
| Sipyloidea sipylus | 1 | InsectBase | |
| Meraudoidea extradentata | 1 | InsectBase | |
| Extatosoma tiaratum | 1 | InsectBase | |
| Aretaon asperrimus | 1 | InsectBase | |
| Orthoptera | Locusta migratoria | 3 | InsectBase |
| Hemiptera | Rhodnius prolixus | 1 | FlyBase |
| Cimex lectularius | 1 | GenBank | |
| Podisus maculiventris | 3 “isoforms” | 48 | |
| Lygus lineolaris | 2 | 49 | |
| Halyomorpha halys | 2 | GenBank | |
| Nilaparvata lugens | 0 | GenBank | |
| Myzus persicae | 0* | GenBank | |
| Diuraphis noxia | 0* | GenBank | |
| Acyrthosiphon pisum | 0* | FlyBase | |
| Bemisia tabaci | 5 | GenBank | |
| Phthiraptera | Pediculus humanus | 0** | FlyBase |
| Siphonaptera | Archaeopsylla erinacei | 1 | InsectBase |
| Trichoptera | Limnephilus lunatus | 8 | InsectBase |
| Thysanoptera | Frankliniella occidentalis | 1 | InsectBase |
| Odonata | Ladona fulva | 2? | InsectBase |
BLAST search was performed on genome data in the indicated databases in June 2018, by BLASTP or TBLASTN27 using Drosophila melanogaster Amy sequence BAB32511 as query. ψ: pseudogene. *: no amylase gene sequence found in Aphidomorphs, but amylase activity was reported in Aphididae species Aphis fabae and Aphis gossypii. **: the “putative amylase” with accession EEB15075 is an amino acid transport protein. FlyBase: flybase.org; GenBank: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/; Hymenoptera genome database: hymenopteragenome.org; InsectBase: insect-genome.com.