Fig. 3.

Leak K⁺ channels play a role in generating the SWS firing pattern based on the AN model. (A) Standardized membrane potential and intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration of 1,091 parameter sets obtained by the parameter searches in the original AN model. The line and shadow (Lower) indicate the mean and SD, respectively. (B) Normalized proportion of the current of leak K⁺ channels or Ca²⁺-dependent K⁺ channels of 1,091 parameter sets obtained by the parameter searches in the original AN model. (C and D) Proportion of each channel’s outward current in the down state (C) or the up state (D) under the original AN model, the NMDAR KO model, or the voltage-gated Ca²⁺-channel KO model. The leak K⁺ channel data are in red. (E) Summary of the bifurcation analysis under the original AN model, the NMDAR KO model, and the voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channel KO model. The leak K⁺ channel data are in red. Error bars indicate SD.