A number of emerging themes have been identified:

(1)The optimal dosing recommendation for amoxicillin remains unclear. There are concerns from recent adult pharmacokinetic data about twice-daily dosing in settings of high pneumococcal resistance. Do 250 mg amoxicillin dispersible tablets cover all the paediatric dosing requirements? (2)It is unclear whether amoxicillin or broader-spectrum antibiotics are most commonly being used to treat CAP in different WHO regions. It is difficult to assess the uptake and implementation of the 2014 WHO CAP guidance (3)There remains no globally relevant head-to-head pragmatic trial directly comparing the effectiveness of amoxicillin with an oral cephalosporin and a macrolide in the ambulatory setting (4)The optimal antibiotic management of hospitalised children with severe and very severe pneumonia as well as severe pneumonia in older hospitalised children remains unclear