FIGURE 2.

ICR and FOS-supplementation led to increased systemic and enteric cytokine expression. (A) Heatmap of relative cytokine expression in the serum, terminal ileum, and colon after logarithmic transformation. ICR mice and FOS-supplemented mice expressed significantly higher levels of IL-2, IL-12, and IL-4 (P < 0.05). (Two-way ANOVA, * represents a change induced by ICR and Τ represents a change induced by FOS, P≤0.05).(B) Histologic injury scores given as a combined score for enterocyte injury, epithelial hyperplasia, and lymphocyte and neutrophil infiltration into the lamina propria. Two-way ANOVA revealed no effect of FOS or ICR on histologic injury score as a whole or in individual components of the score. (C) Fibrosis score assessing collagen deposition in the TI following ICR. (P = 0.28)

Control: n = 5; Control-FOS: n = 6; ICR-C: n = 5; ICR-FOS: n = 6