Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Oct 9.
Published in final edited form as: Crime Justice. 2018 Mar 26;47(1):255–364. doi: 10.1086/696590

Table 3. Study Results Included in Meta-Analyses.

Number of Effect Sizes
Type of risk factor:
   Individual 32
   Early health 23
   Parenting 14
   Family 27
Behavioral outcome:
   Aggression 20
   Conduct problems 50
   Violence 24
   Crime  2
Participant sex:
   Females only 14
   Males only 19
   Females and males 63
Effect size (d):
   <−0.50  3
   −0.50 to 0.20  7
   −0.20 to 0.00 13
   0.01 to 0.20 31
   0.21 to 0.50 19
   0.51 to 0.80  8
   0.81 to 1.00  5
   >1.00 10
Bivariate/adjusted effect size:
   Bivariate 89
   Adjusted  7
Country of study:
   Barbados  2
   Brazil 41
   Chile  2
   China 27
   Croatia  1
   Czech Republic  1
   Jamaica  3
   Mauritius  3
   Philippines  1
   Poland  1
   Puerto Rico  1
   Russia  5
   South Africa  6
   Yugoslavia  2