Table 2.
Sample Descriptive Statistics
| Measure | English-speaking (n = 24) | Spanish-speaking (n = 28) | Total sample (N = 52) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 78.46 (7.75) | 76.11 (5.92) | 77.19 (6.85) |
| Female | 62.5% | 67.9% | 65.4% |
| More than HS degree | 79.2% | 67.9% | 73.1% |
| Married | 16.7% | 35.7% | 26.9% |
| Income < $30,000 | 41.7% | 78.6% | 61.6% |
| Retired | 95.8% | 78.6% | 86.5% |
| Self-assessment of abilities (range: 1–9) | |||
| Vocabulary | 6.38 (1.31) | 6.44 (1.28) | 6.41 (1.28) |
| Comprehension | 6.54 (1.25) | 6.57 (1.55) | 6.56 (1.41) |
| Numeric ability | 5.79 (1.25) | 5.93 (1.18) | 5.87 (1.21) |
| Memory | 5.75 (1.11) | 5.96 (1.32) | 5.87 (1.22) |
| Learning ability | 5.63 (1.17) | 6.14 (1.11) | 5.90 (1.16) |
| Problem solving/reasoning | 5.96 (1.08) | 6.25 (1.46) | 6.12 (1.29) |
| Detection | 6.54 (1.38) | 6.79 (1.32) | 6.67 (1.34) |
| Grasping/manipulative skill | 6.88 (1.54) | 7.07 (1.39) | 6.98 (1.45) |
| Ever used technology | |||
| Desktop computer | 100.0% | 78.6% | 88.5% |
| Laptop computer | 62.5% | 46.4% | 53.8% |
| Smartphone | 58.3% | 35.7% | 46.2% |
| Tablet computer | 37.5% | 28.6% | 32.7% |
| Internet/e-mail | 91.7% | 85.7% | 88.5% |
| Computer/Internet skills and knowledge (range: 1–9) | |||
| Basic computer skill | 5.88 (1.68) | 5.96 (2.19) | 5.92 (1.95) |
| Internet and e-mail skill/knowledge | 5.87 (1.70) | 5.64 (2.39) | 5.75 (2.09) |
| Computer programs knowledge | 4.88 (1.96) | 5.64 (2.18) | 5.29 (2/10) |
| Computer applications knowledge | 4.46 (2.00) | 4.93 (2.16) | 4.71 (2.08) |
| Technology readiness (range: 1–5) | |||
| Optimism | 3.80 (0.63) | 3.52 (0.96) | 3.65 (0.83) |
| Innovativeness | 2.89 (0.85) | 3.06 (0.90) | 2.98 (0.87) |
| Discomfort | 2.80 (0.75) | 2.84 (0.67) | 2.82 (0.70) |
| Insecurity | 3.22 (0.94) | 3.04 (0.85) | 3.13 (0.89) |
Note: Statistics presented as means with standard deviations or as percentage of sample with that particular attribute. Statistics separated by English- and Spanish-speaking groups. HS = High school.