Fig 2. Longitudinal sustained retention in HIV care (RIC), based on frequency of HIV-1 RNA viral testing, and percentage with viral suppression (VS) at 1, 2, and 3 years post-release, stratified by whether individuals were re-incarcerated (recidivist) at some point during the follow-up period.

There was a statistically significant difference in RIC rates between individuals were re-incarcerated and individuals who were not re-incarcerated across all time points (χ² p < 0.001). Among those retained, individuals who were not re-incarcerated had higher VS rates compared to re-incarcerated individuals at end of year 1 (χ² p = 0.021) and year 3 (χ² p = 0.048). *Statistically significant decline in RIC compared with initial 1-year rates (McNemar’s test p < 0.001). **Statistically significant decline in RIC compared with sustained 2-year rates (McNemar’s test p < 0.001).