Table 1. Provenance and voucher number of the populations here studied, together with ploidy level, chromosome number, holoploid and monoploid genome size and internal standard used.
All genome sizes are first estimates in the taxa concerned with the exception of M. chamomilla var. chamomilla, T. callosum, T. elongatum, T. maritimum, T. melanolepis, T. oreades var. oreades, T. oreades var. tchihatchewii, T. repens and T. sevanense. (1) Information of locality and collection date.
| Taxon | Locality1 | Voucher | PL2 | 2n3 | 2C (SD)4 | 1Cx5 | 1C (Mbp)6 | Internal standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anthemis macrotis (Rech.f.) Oberprieler & Vogt * (E) | C2 Muğla, Turkey: Near Köyceğiz, roadsides, 10 m a.s.l., 13.iv.2009 (1) | Inceer 711 | 2x | 18 | 5.55 (0.19) | 2.78 | 2713.95 | Petunia hybrida |
| A. chia L.* | C3 Antalya, Turkey: Aksu, at the Perge ruins. 27.iii.2010 (2) | BCN 70405 | 2x | 18** | 7.4 (0.15)** | 3.70** | 3618.6** | Petunia hybrida** |
| Matricaria aurea (Loefl.) Sch.Bip.* | C6 Gaziantep/Şanlıurfa, Turkey; Between Nizip and Birecik, Dutlu mevkii, roadsides, near cultivated area, 440 m a.s.l., 08.v.2007 (3) | Inceer 322 | 2x | 18*** | 5.04 (0.07) | 2.52 | 2464.56 | Petunia hybrida |
| M. aurea | C6 Gaziantep/Şanlıurfa, Turkey: Between Nizip and Birecik, roadsides, near cultivated area, 500 m a.s.l., 08.v.2007 | Inceer 323 | 2x | 18 | 4.91 (0.08) | 2.46 | 2400.99 | Petunia hybrida |
| M. chamomilla L. var. chamomilla | A1(E) Çanakkale, Turkey: Koru Dağı, near Pinus brutia forest, 70 m a.s.l. 11.v.2007 | Inceer 332 | 2x | 18 | 5.13 (0.07) | 2.57 | 2508.57 | Petunia hybrida |
| M. chamomilla var. chamomilla | C1 Muğla, Turkey: Bodrum, Ortakent, roadsides, 50 m a.s.l., 16.iv.2007 | Inceer 279 | 2x | 18 | 5.17 (0.08) | 2.59 | 2528.13 | Petunia hybrida |
| M. chamomilla var. chamomilla | C2 Muğla, Turkey: Köyceğiz, near Dalyan, cultivated area, 23 m a.s.l., 17.iv.2007 | Inceer 298 | 2x | 18 | 5.17 (0.06) | 2.59 | 2528.13 | Petunia hybrida |
| M. chamomilla var. chamomilla | C2 Muğla, Turkey: Marmaris, between Marmaris and Köyceğiz, 20 m a.s.l., 18.iv.2007 | Inceer 304 | 2x | 18 | 5.33 (0.09) | 2.67 | 2606.37 | Petunia hybrida |
| M. chamomilla var. chamomilla | C3 Antalya, Turkey: Elmalı, Sarıkaya, roadsides, 220 m a.s.l., 19.iv.2007 | Inceer 312 | 2x | 18 | 5.39 (0.04) | 2.70 | 2635.71 | Petunia hybrida |
| M. chamomilla var. chamomilla | C1 Muğla, Turkey: Bodrum, Ortakent, roadsides, 16.iv.2007, 132 m. | Inceer 283b | 2x† | 18† | 5.30 (0.19) | 2.65 | 2591.7 | Petunia hybrida |
| M. chamomilla var. chamomilla | C1 Muğla, Turkey: Bodrum, Görece, roadsides, 117 m a.s.l., 16.iv.2007 | Inceer 285 | 2x† | 18† | 4.96 (0.03) | 2.48 | 2425.44 | Petunia hybrida |
| M. chamomilla var. chamomilla | C1 Muğla, Turkey: Bodrum, Ortakent, roadsides, 89 m a.s.l., 16.iv.2007 | Inceer 289 | 2x† | 18† | 5.13 (0.10) | 2.57 | 2508.57 | Petunia hybrida |
| M. chamomilla var. chamomilla | C3 Antalya, Turkey: Elmalı road, Yalnız village, roadsides, 450 m a.s.l., 19.iv.2007 | Inceer 313 | 2x† | 18† | 5.33 (0.11) | 2.67 | 2606.37 | Petunia hybrida |
| M. chamomilla var. chamomilla | A1(E) Çanakkale, Turkey: Koru Dağı, near Pinus brutia forest, 70 m a.s.l., 11.v.2007 | Inceer 332 | 2x† | 18† | 5.12 (0.02) | 2.56 | 2503.68 | Petunia hybrida |
| M. chamomilla var. chamomilla* | C1 Muğla, Turkey: Bodrum, Ortakent roadsides, 50 m a.s.l., 16.ıv.2007 (4) | Inceer 281 | 2x | 18 | 5.18 (0.12) |
2.59 | 2533.02 | Petunia hybrida |
| M. chamomilla var. recutita (L.) Fiori | B2 İzmir, Turkey: Bozdağ, roadsides, 307 m a.s.l., 14.iv.2007 | Inceer 270 | 2x | 18 | 5.27 (0.04) | 2.64 | 2577.03 | Petunia hybrida |
| M. chamomilla var. recutita | B1 İzmir, Turkey: Yamanlar Dağı, roadsides, 750 m a.s.l., 15.iv.2007 | Inceer 278 | 2x | 18 | 5.18 (0.04) | 2.59 | 2533.02 | Petunia hybrida |
| M. chamomilla var. recutita | C1 Muğla, Turkey: Bodrum, Ortakent, roadsides, 60 m a.s.l., 16.iv.2007 | Inceer 288 | 2x | 18 | 5.13 (0.11) | 2.57 | 2508.57 | Petunia hybrida |
| M. chamomilla var. recutita | A1 Balıkesir, Turkey: Near Bandırma-Gönen road, roadsides, 150 m a.s.l., 12.v.2007 | Inceer 341 | 2x | 18 | 5.14 (0.10) | 2.57 | 2513.46 | Petunia hybrida |
| M. chamomilla var. recutita | A1 Balıkesir, Turkey: Near Bandırma-Fevzi Paşa, roadsides, 50 m a.s.l., 13.v.2007 | Inceer 344 | 2x† | 18† | 5.22 (0.37) | 2.61 | 2552.58 | Petunia hybrida |
| M. chamomilla var. recutita | A1(E) Tekirdağ, Turkey: Near Köseilyas village, roadsides, 130 m a.s.l., 10.v.2007 | Inceer 324 | 2x† | 18† | 5.24 (0.02) | 2.62 | 2562.36 | Petunia hybrida |
| M. chamomilla var. recutita * | A1(E) Edirne, Turkey: From Tekirdağ to Keşan, near Keşan, roadsides, 100 m a.s.l., 11.v.2007 (5) | Inceer 326 | 2x | 18 | 5.13 (0.07) | 2.57 | 2508.57 | Petunia hybrida |
|
M. matricarioides (Less.) Porter ex Britton* |
A9 Ardahan, Turkey: Kars-Ardahan, Göle road, 1800 m a.s.l., 18.vii. (6) | Inceer 420 | 2x | 18*** | 4.6 (0.07) | 2.30 | 2249.4 | Petunia hybrida |
| Tripleurospermum baytopianum E.Hossain (E) | A1(E) Çanakkale, Turkey: Koru Dağı, near Pinus brutia forest, 70 m a.s.l., 11.v.2007 | Inceer 329 | 2x | 18 | 4.96 (0.28) | 2.48 | 2425.44 | Petunia hybrida |
| T. baytopianum (E) | A1(E) Çanakkale, Turkey: Koru Dağı, near Pinus brutia forest, 70 m a.s.l., 11.v.2007 | Inceer 330 | 2x | 18 | 4.82 (0.10) | 2.41 | 2356.98 | Petunia hybrida |
| T. baytopianum (E) | A1(E) Çanakkale, Turkey: Koru Dağı, near Pinus brutia forest, 350 m a.s.l., 11.v.2007 | Inceer 333 | 2x | 18 | 4.65 (0.27) | 2.33 | 2273.85 | Petunia hybrida |
| T. baytopianum *(E) | A1 Çanakkale, Turkey: Koru Dağı, between Keşan and Evreşe, near Pinus brutia forest, 70 m a.s.l., 11.v.2007 (7) | Inceer 327 | 2x | 18 | 5.02 (0.04) | 1.26 | 2454.78 | Petunia hybrida |
| T. callosum (Boiss. & Heldr.) E.Hossain*(E) | B3 Eskişehir, Turkey: Çatacık, near Pinus forest, roadsides,1304 m a.s.l., 27.vi.2007 (8) | Inceer 369a | 4x | 36 | 7.71 (0.14) | 1.93 | 1885.095 | Petunia hybrida |
| T. caucasicum (Willd.) Hayek * | A8 Rize, Turkey: Ayder, Kavrun, alpin meadows, 2000 m a.s.l., 11.vii.2009 (9) | Inceer 765 | 4x | 36 | 8.05 (0.92) | 2.01 | 3936.45 | Pisum sativum |
| T. caucasicum * | A7 Gümüşhane, Turkey: Near Köse Dağı pass, 1852 m a.s.l., 13.vi.2009 (10) | Inceer 730 | 2x | 18 | 5.16 (0.14) | 2.58 | 2523.24 | Pisum sativum |
| T. conoclinum (Boiss. & Bal.) Hayek*(E) | B2 Izmir, Turkey: Bozdağ, cultivated area, 1178 m a.s.l., 14.iv.2007 (11) | Inceer 264 | 2x | 18 | 5.98 (0.11) | 2.99 | 2924.22 | Petunia hybrida |
| T. conoclinum *(E) | B2 Izmir, Turkey: Bozdağ, cultivated area, 1178 m a.s.l., 14.iv.2007 (12) | Inceer 262 | 2x | 18 | 5.18 (0.06) | 2.59 | 2533.02 | Petunia hybrida |
| T. corymbosum E.Hossain*(E) | B9 Ağrı, Turkey: Suluçem, 1791 m a.s.l., 30.vi.2009 (13) | Inceer 757 | 2x† | 18† | 5.29 (0.02) | 1.32 | 1293.405 | Petunia hybrida |
| T. decipiens (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Bornm.* | C5 Niğde, Turkey: Ulukışla, Bolkar mountains, near mine, 1650 m a.s.l., 14.vii.2007 (14) | Inceer 395 | 4x† | 36† | 8.18 (0.11) | 4.09 | 4000.02 | Petunia hybrida |
| T. disciforme (C.A.Mey.) Sch.Bip.* | B1 Manisa, Turkey: Between Manisa and Izmir, roadsides, 1021 m a.s.l., 06.vii.2008 (15) | Inceer 592 | 2x | 18*** | 4.93 (0.10) | 2.47 | 2410.77 | Petunia hybrida |
| T. elongatum (DC.) Bornm.* | A9 Ardahan, Turkey: Between Ardahan and Göle, roadsides, 1800 m a.s.l., 18.vii.2007 (16) | Inceer 423 | 2x | 18*** | 4.68 (0.06) | 2.34 | 2288.52 | Petunia hybrida |
| T. fissurale (Sosn.) E.Hossain*(E) | A8 Artvin, Turkey: Yusufeli, between Yusufeli and İspir, roadsides, rocky slopes, 617 m a.s.l., 04.vi.2007 (17) | Inceer 351 | 2x |
18*** | 5.33 (0.18) | 2.67 | 2606.37 | Petunia hybrida |
| T. heterolepis (Freyn. & Sint.) Bornm.* (E) | A8 Bayburt, Turkey: Kop Dağı, roadsides, damp alpine meadows, 2494 m a.s.l., 05.viii.2007 (18) | Inceer 467 | 4x | 36 | 8.42 (0.26) | 2.11 | 2058.69 | Petunia hybrida |
| T. heterolepis*(E) | A7 Gümüşhane, Turkey: Keçikale Village, roadsides, 1618 m a.s.l., 04.vii.2007 (19) | Inceer 382b | 4x | 36*** | 8.21 (0.18) | 2.05 | 2007.345 | Petunia hybrida |
| T. hygrophilum (Bornm.) Bornm. (E) | B1 Izmir, Turkey: Yamanlar Dağı, near Pinus forest, open places, 887 m a.s.l., 15.iv.2007 | Inceer 274 | 2x | 18 | 4.94 (0.07) | 2.47 | 2415.66 | Petunia hybrida |
| T. hygrophilum (E) | B1 Izmir, Turkey: Yamanlar Dağı, roadsides, 730 m a.s.l., 15.iv.2007 | Inceer 277 | 2x | 18 | 4.96 (0.02) | 2.48 | 2425.44 | Petunia hybrida |
| T. hygrophilum * (E) | B1 Izmir, Turkey: Yamanlar Dağı, above Karagöl, meadows, 820 m a.s.l., 14.iv.2007 (20) | Inceer 271 | 2x | 18 | 4.95 (0.05) | 2.48 | 2420.55 | Petunia hybrida |
| T. inodorum (L.) Sch.Bip.* | A9 Erzurum, Turkey: Pasinler, cultivated area, 1635 m a.s.l., 29.vi.2009 (21) | Inceer 754 | 4x | 36 | 8.61 (0.15) | 2.15 | 2105.145 | Petunia hybrida |
| T. inodorum * | Münster, Germany: Wolbeck Berler Kamp. 1.vi.2012 | BCN 75281 | 4x | 36 | 9.32 (0.18) | 2.33 | 2278.74 | Petunia hybrida |
| T. insularum Inceer & Hayırlıoglu.-Ayaz*(E) | A1 (E) Çanakkale, Turkey: Gökçeada, 30 m a.s.l., 24.iv.2010 (22) | Inceer 789 | 2x | 18 | 5.68 (0.12) | 2.84 | 2777.52 | Pisum sativum |
| T. kotschyi (Boiss.) E.Hossain *(E) | C5 Niğde, Turkey: Ulukışla, Bolkar mountains, near Karagöl, 2600 m a.s.l., 29.vii.2008 (23) | Inceer 702 | 4x | 36*** | 8.29 (0.14) | 2.07 | 2026.905 | Petunia hybrida |
| T. maritimum (L.) W.D.J.Koch * | Barcelona Spain: near plaça Cerdà, Spain. 9 m a.s.l., 09.v.2005 | BC 906990 | 2x† | 18† | 5.28 (0.10) | 2.64 | 2581.92 | Petunia hybrida |
| T. melanolepis (Boiss. & Buhse) Pobed.* | A9 Artvin, Turkey: Şavşat, near Çamlıbel passs, 2550–2600 m a.s.l., 20.06.2009 (24) | Inceer 741 | 2x | 18 | 4.88 (0.09) | 2.44 | 2386.32 | Petunia hybrida |
| T. microcephalum (Boiss.) Bornm.* | B8 Muş, Turkey: Fallow fields, banks, roadsides, 1323 m a.s.l., 09.vii.2008 (25) | Inceer 594 | 2x | 18*** | 5.49 (0.07) | 2.75 | 2684.61 | Petunia hybrida |
| T. monticolum (Boiss. & A.Huet) Bornm.*(E) | A9 Artvin, Turkey: Şavşat, alpine meadows, 2185 m a.s.l., 17.vii.2007 (26) | Inceer 416 | 4x | 36 | 9.65 (0.02) | 2.41 | 2359.425 | Petunia hybrida |
| T. oreades (Boiss.) Rech.f. var. oreades | A8 Rize, Turkey: Anzer, roadsides,1370 m a.s.l., 19.viii.2007 | Inceer 469 | 4x | 36 | 8.36 (0.13) | 2.09 | 2044.02 | Petunia hybrida |
| T. oreades (Boiss.) Rech.f. var. tchihatchewii (Boiss.) E.Hossain* | A9 Artvin, Turkey: Şavşat, alpine meadows, 2185 m a.s.l., 17.vii.2007 (27) | Inceer 414 | 4x | 36 | 9.62 (0.15) | 2.41 | 2352.09 | Petunia hybrida |
| T. oreades * | A7 Giresun, Turkey: Kümbet, near Şehitler pass, roadsides, meadows, 1719 m a.s.l., 21.vii.2008 (28) | Inceer 658 | 4x | 36 | 8.9 (0.17) | 2.23 | 2176.05 | Petunia hybrida |
| T. parviflorum (Willd.) Pobed. | C3 Antalya, Turkey: Korkuteli, 965 m a.s.l., 19.iv.2007 | Inceer 315 | 2x | 18 | 6.01 (0.07) | 3.01 | 2938.89 | Petunia hybrida |
| T. parviflorum* | B2 Izmir, Turkey: Bozdağ, roadsides, 1154 m a.s.l., 14.iv.2007 (29) | Inceer 266 | 2x | 18 | 6.15 (0.04) | 3.08 | 3007.35 | Petunia hybrida |
| T. pichleri (Boiss.) Bornm.* (E) | A2 Bursa, Turkey: Uludağ, meadows, damp woods, near hotels, 1828 m a.s.l., 11.vi.2008 (30) | Inceer 553 | 4x | 36*** | 8.56 (0.20) |
2.14 | 2092.92 | Petunia hybrida |
|
T. repens (Freyn & Sint.) Bornm.* (E) |
A7 Gümüşhane, Turkey: Gezge Village, meadows, 1987 m a.s.l., 08.vii.2007 (31) | Inceer 385 | 4x | 36 | 8.56 (0.16) | 2.14 | 2092.92 | Petunia hybrida |
| T. rosellum (Boiss. & Orph.) Hayek var. album E.Hossain* (E) | A3 Bolu, Turkey: Near Abant Lake, meadows, 1331 m a.s.l., 12.vi.2008 (32) | Inceer 555 | 2x | 18*** | 4.65 (0.07) | 2.33 | 2273.85 | Petunia hybrida |
| T. sevanense (Manden.) Pobed.* | B3 Eskişehir, Turkey: Çatacık, near Pinus forest, roadsides, 1304 m a.s.l., 27.vi.2007 (33) | Inceer 369b | 4x | 36 | 8.40 (0.13) | 2.10 | 2053.8 | Petunia hybrida |
| T. subnivale Pobed.* | A8 Rize, Turkey: Ayder, Kavrun, alpine meadows, 2278 m a.s.l., 23.vii.2008 (34) | Inceer 672b | 5x | 42–48 | 13.11 (0.33) | 2.62 | 2564.316 | Petunia hybrida |
| T. tempskyanum (Freyn & Sint.) Hayek*(SE) | A2 Bursa, Turkey: Uludağ, near hotels, meadows, open places, 1815 m a.s.l., 25.vi.2009 (35) | Inceer 751 | 4x | 36 | 8.94 (0.10) | 2.24 | 2185.83 | Petunia hybrida |
| T. tenuifolium (Kit.) Freyn* | A1 Balıkesir, Turkey: Erdek, Kapu Dağı, roadsides, 437 m a.s.l., 16.v.2009 (36) | Inceer 722 | 4x | 36 | 9.11 (0.08) | 2.28 | 2227.395 | Petunia hybrida |
| T. transcaucasicum (Manden.) Pobed. | A9 Ardahan, Turkey: Between Göle and Kars, near Balçeşme, 2115 m a.s.l., 18.vii.2007 | Inceer 429 | 2x | 18 | 4.98 (0.08) | 2.49 | 2435.22 | Petunia hybrida |
| T. transcaucasicum * | A9 Ardahan, Turkey: Between Ardahan and Göle, roadsides, 2115 m a.s.l., 18.vii.2007 (37) | Inceer 427 | 2x | 18 | 5.16 (0.07) | 2.58 | 2523.24 | Petunia hybrida |
| T. ziganense Inceer & Hayırlıoğlu.-Ayaz*(E) | A7 Gümüşhane, Turkey: Zigana Dağı, between Zigana pass and Torul, 1300 m a.s.l., 02.vi.2009 (38) | Inceer 723 | 2x | 18 | 4.82 (0.09) | 2.41 | 2356.98 | Petunia hybrida |
(1) Numbers in brackets correspond to the location of each population in the map of Fig 1, and codes at the beginning correspond to the grid system classifying the different districts as it appears in the Flora of Turkey [25].
(2) Ploidy level.
(3) Somatic chromosome number.
(4) Holoploid genome size and standard deviation in brackets.
(5) Monoploid genome size.
(6) Genome size in Mbp. (E) endemic to Turkey. (SE) subendemic toGreece and Turkey.
(*) Taxa used for molecular phylogenetic analyses.
(**) Data from [56].
(***) Data from [18].
(†) Ploidy level and chromosome number inferred from genome size data.