Table 2. Results of the statistical analyses and comparisons, using the ordinary tests (mostly analysis of regression and ANOVA) and the phylogenetically based generalized least squares (PGLS) algorithms.

	Ordinary tests	PGLS test
2C vs. ploidy level	p < 0.0001 (positive correlation)
1Cx vs. ploidy level	p < 0.0001 (negative correlation)
2C vs. pollen polar axis	p = 0.02 (positive correlation)	Nonsignificant
2C vs. pollen equatorial diameter	p = 0.03 (positive correlation)	Nonsignificant
2C vs. cypsela length	p < 0.0001 (positive correlation)	Nonsignificant
2C vs. cypsela width	Nonsignificant	Nonsignificant
2C vs. plant size	Nonsignificant	p = 0.0216 (positive correlation)
2C vs. stomatal size	p < 0.0001 (positive correlation)
2C vs. altitude	p = 0.00709 (positive correlation)	Nonsignificant
2C vs. mucilage	p = 0.008939	p = 0.0436
	presence (2C $\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 5.66)
	absence (2C $\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 7.72)
2C vs. habitat type	alpine (2C $\overline{\mathbf{x}}$ = 9.74) (p = 0.00874 / p = 0,0007))
	miscellaneous (2C $\overline{\mathbf{x}}$ = 4.85) (nonsignificant / p = 0.0218)
	open places (2C $\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 5.31)
	roadsides (2C $\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 6.59)
	meadows (2C $\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 6.73)
2C vs. rhizome	p = 0.000179	p = 0.0034
	presence (2C $\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 8.36)
	absence (2C $\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 6.35)
2C vs. life cycle	Nonsignificant differences between groups
	annual (2C $\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 6.53)
	biennial (2C $\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 7.41)
	perennial (2C $\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 7.19)
2C vs. distribution range	Nonsignificant differences between groups
	large (2C $\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 7.22)
	medium (2C $\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 7.05)
	small (2C $\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 6.97)
2C vs. capitulum type	Nonsignificant differences between groups
	discoid capitulum (2C $\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 5.88)
	disciform capitulum (2C $\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 6.55)
	radiate capitulum (2C $\overline{\mathrm{x}}$ = 6.97)