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. 2018 Sep 25;9(1):1576–1587. doi: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1526530

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© 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 3. — Effects of heparin pretreatment on association with and invasion into hBMECs by S. pneumoniae. Association rates were calculated by dividing the CFU value obtained at 1 hour after infection by the value for the original inoculum. Invasion rates were calculated by dividing the CFU value obtained at 1 hour after antibiotic addition by the value for the original inoculum. Values are presented as the mean of 6 wells from one of 3 independent experiments. Vertical lines represent the mean + S.E. Statistical differences between groups were analyzed using Mann-Whitney’s U-test. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01.