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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2018 Apr 5;1865(5):982–992. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.03.026

Table 1.

Ideal Characteristics of an Animal Model Of CCA.

• Originates in an immunocompetent host
  • ○

    Optimally from the biliary tract

  • ○

    Time-efficient tumor development

• Genetic aberrations similar to a subset of human CCA
  • ○

    Comparison to The Cancer Genome Atlas CCA (TCGA-Chol) database [128]

• Phenotypic Expression of Markers Widely Expressed in Human CCA
  • ○

    SOX9

  • ○

    CK-7 and CK-19

• Desmoplastic Syngeneic Stroma
  • ○

    Myofibroblast

  • ○

    Tumor Associated Macrophages

  • ○

    T-cells

• Mimics an Anatomic Subset of Human CCA
  • ○

    Intrahepatic CCA

  • ○

    Perihilar CCA

  • ○

    Distal CCA

• Metastatic Phenotype
  • ○

    Lymph nodes

  • ○

    Peritoneum & Mesentery