Table 3.

Xenograft models of CCA using CCA cells.

Xenotransplantation Model	Study Findings	Study
Injection of 3×106 Mz-ChA-1 cells +/− GABA intratumoral injection	GABA inhibits CCA growth in vivo	Fava et al., [47]
Injection of 3×106 Mz-IL-6 cells	IL-6 overexpression increases CCA xenograft tumor growth	Meng et al., [53]
Injection of 2×106 QBC939 cells +/− magnetic nanoparticle injections	Magnetic nanoparticles inhibit CCA tumor growth	Tang et al., [61]
Injection of 5×106 Sk-ChA-1 cells +/− intratumoral tamoxifen injection	Intratumoral tamoxifen injections decrease CCA growth	Pawar et al., [57]
Injection of 5×106 Mz-ChA-1 cells +/− green tea polyphenol EGCG i.p injection	EGCG decreases CCA tumor growth and increases tumor sensitivity to gemcitabine	Lang et al., [52]
Injection of 5×106 Mz-ChA-1 cells expressing Il-6	Overexpression of Il-6 increases DNMT-1 expression in CCA	Braconi et al., [45]
Injection of 5×106 Mz-ChA-1 cells +/− resveratrol i.p injection	Resveratrol decreases Cyp1b1 expression in CCA tumors	Frampton et al., [48]
Injection of 5×106 Mz-ChA-1 cells +/− intratumoral anti-NYP antibody injection	NPY decreases CCA tumor growth	DeMorrow et al., [46]
Injection of 2×106 QBC939 cells +/− wortmannin i.p injection or +/− AdSi-beclin intratumor injection	Treatment with an autophagy inhibitor or knockdown of beclin-1 suppressed CCA xenograft tumor growth	Hou et al., [49]
Injection of M139 CypA-silenced CCA cell lines	CypA silencing decreases CCA xenograft tumor growth	Obchoei et al., [55]
Injection of HuCCT1 cell line overexpressing miR494	miR494 decreases CCA xenograft tumor growth	Olaru et al., [56]
Injection of 1,5×106 CCLP1 cells +/− miR26-a overexpression	miR-26a overexpression increases in vivo CCA tumor growth	Zhang et al., [62]
Injection of 2×106 HuCCT-1 cells +/− WTAP-over or siWTAP	WTAP overexpression increases CCA tumor growth in an orthotopic xenograft model; WTAP knockdown decreases CCA tumor growth	Jo et al., [51]
Injection of 3×106 CCLP1 cells +/− miR92a or miR-17-92	miR-19a overexpression induces CCA tumor growth in vivo	Zhu et al., [64]
Injection of 1×107 QBC939 cells +/− intratumoral rapamycin/salubrinal injection	Salubrinal with rapamycin has a synergistic antitumor effect in CCA	Zhao et al., [63]
Injection of 1×106 EGI1 cells +/− 1×107 Lent-SOX17 intratumoral injection	SOX17 overexpression decreases CCA xenograft tumor growth	Merino-Azpitarte et al., [54]
Injection of 5×106 HuCCT-1 cells +/−SC-43 gavage administration	SC-43 induces apoptosis in CCA via the SHP-1/STAT3 signaling pathway	Hu et al., [50]
Injection of 2×106 RBE cells +/− NRP-1 depletion	NRP- 1 depletion reduces tumor growth and metastasis	Zhu et al., [65]
Injection of 3×106 HuCCT-1 cells +/− telmisartan i.p injection	Telmisartan inhibits tumor growth in CCA	Samukawa et al., [58]
Injection of 1×107 RBE cells +/− shPTHLHx	Loss of PTHLH suppresses CCA tumorigenesis	Tang et al., [60]
Injection of 2×106 TFK-1 or HuCCT-1 cells +/− siAFAP1-AS1	AFAP1-AS1 is oncogenic in CCA	Shi et al., [59]