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. 2018 Oct 9;8:15043. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33342-w

Table 2.

The stability ranking of candidate reference genes by geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and RefFingder.

Treatments Rank geNorm NormFinder BestKeeper RefFinder
Gene Stability (M) Gene Stability Gene SD [±Cq] CV [%Cq] Gene Stability
Varieties 1 UBC 0.337 UBC 0.002 UBC E2 0.14 0.61 UBC 1.32
2 UBC E2 0.338 UBC E2 0.003 UBC 0.24 0.98 UBC E2 1.41
3 UBA80 0.352 ACT 0.004 UBA80 0.25 1.17 UBA80 2.91
4 ACT 0.353 HIS2B 0.007 ACT97 0.28 1.11 ACT 4.53
5 HIS2B 0.378 UBA80 0.007 ACT 0.3 1.22 HIS4 5.32
6 HIS4 0.464 ACT97 0.017 HIS2B 0.31 1.24 TUB 6.9
7 UBA52 0.486 HIS4 0.018 18S rRNA 0.31 1.18 ACT97 7.09
8 TUA 0.494 TUB 0.018 TUB 0.32 1.32 HIS2B 7.33
9 TUB 0.522 UBA52 0.018 HIS4 0.37 1.82 UBA52 7.69
10 ACT97 0.524 TUA 0.02 UBA52 0.39 1.82 TUA 8.49
11 18S rRNA 0.767 18S rRNA 0.029 TUA 0.41 1.91 18S rRNA 11
Periods 1 UBC 0.706 UBC 0.011 HIS4 0.2 0.98 UBC 1.32
2 HIS4 0.727 HIS4 0.013 UBC 0.42 1.68 HIS4 1.86
3 UBA80 0.759 UBA80 0.019 UBA80 0.44 1.95 UBC E2 2.78
4 UBC E2 0.821 UBC E2 0.022 18S rRNA 0.45 1.83 UBA80 4.12
5 TUB 0.882 HIS2B 0.024 UBC E2 0.46 1.98 ACT97 4.92
6 ACT 0.891 TUB 0.028 TUB 0.47 1.9 HIS2B 5.62
7 HIS2B 0.936 ACT 0.029 ACT97 0.5 1.95 TUB 6.96
8 ACT97 0.952 ACT97 0.034 HIS2B 0.54 2.2 18S rRNA 7.95
9 TUA 0.984 UBA52 0.037 ACT 0.56 2.27 UBA52 8.11
10 UBA52 1.03 18S rRNA 0.037 TUA 0.62 2.79 ACT 8.74
11 18S rRNA 1.037 TUA 0.061 UBA52 0.85 3.7 TUA 11
Tissues 1 HIS2B 1.265 UBC 0.003 UBC E2 0.75 3.26 UBC 2.21
2 UBC 1.276 ACT97 0.008 UBC 0.95 3.88 UBC E2 2.74
3 UBA80 1.311 HIS2B 0.008 18S rRNA 0.95 2.17 HIS2B 2.91
4 UBC E2 1.365 UBC E2 0.022 ACT 0.98 4.02 UBA80 3.2
5 ACT97 1.388 UBA80 0.028 ACT97 1.11 4.37 UBA52 4.09
6 UBA52 1.401 HIS4 0.038 HIS4 1.12 5.08 ACT97 4.95
7 TUA 1.515 UBA52 0.043 HIS2B 1.45 5.58 HIS4 6.26
8 HIS4 1.541 ACT 0.044 UBA80 1.77 7.88 TUA 6.42
9 ACT 1.693 TUB 0.06 UBA52 1.84 8.03 ACT 6.82
10 TUB 1.86 TUA 0.065 TUA 1.93 8.38 TUB 9.97
11 18S rRNA 3.879 18S rRNA 0.107 TUB 2.23 9.03 18S rRNA 10.74
Cold 1 ACT 0.499 ACT97 0.007 TUB 0.13 0.51 TUB 1.19
2 TUB 0.504 UBC 0.009 UBC 0.16 0.6 UBC 2.51
3 HIS4 0.532 TUA 0.009 UBC E2 0.17 0.71 ACT 2.66
4 UBC 0.533 ACT 0.01 ACT97 0.19 0.71 UBC E2 4.41
5 TUA 0.546 TUB 0.018 ACT 0.29 1.18 HIS4 4.74
6 ACT97 0.557 UBC E2 0.019 TUA 0.3 1.13 ACT97 5.09
7 UBC E2 0.561 HIS2B 0.039 UBA80 0.4 1.74 TUA 5.18
8 UBA80 0.602 HIS4 0.073 HIS4 0.43 1.92 UBA80 7.74
9 HIS2B 0.88 UBA80 0.163 UBA52 0.51 2.15 HIS2B 9.24
10 18S rRNA 1.042 18S rRNA 0.24 HIS2B 0.74 2.72 18S rRNA 10.24
11 UBA52 1.051 UBA52 0.359 18S rRNA 0.79 3.26 UBA52 10.46
Drought 1 UBA80 0.458 HIS4 0 UBC 0.08 0.32 UBA80 1.97
2 HIS4 0.462 UBA80 0.002 HIS4 0.15 0.64 HIS4 2.21
3 UBA52 0.483 UBC 0.008 UBA80 0.2 0.88 UBA52 3.41
4 UBC 0.495 ACT97 0.01 18S rRNA 0.24 0.99 ACT97 4.43
5 ACT97 0.507 UBA52 0.011 UBA52 0.36 1.53 HIS2B 4.45
6 18S rRNA 0.587 18S rRNA 0.016 ACT97 0.4 1.56 UBC 4.47
7 HIS2B 0.617 HIS2B 0.018 TUA 0.42 1.57 UBC E2 5.03
8 UBC E2 0.63 UBC E2 0.022 HIS2B 0.47 1.73 18S rRNA 6
9 ACT 0.725 TUA 0.025 TUB 0.48 1.95 ACT 8.89
10 TUA 0.757 ACT 0.028 UBC E2 0.48 1.99 TUA 9.15
11 TUB 0.877 TUB 0.034 ACT 0.68 2.92 TUB 10.46
Salinity 1 UBA52 0.385 HIS2B 0.003 ACT97 0.19 0.71 UBA52 2.06
2 UBC 0.4 UBA52 0.006 ACT 0.24 0.97 UBC E2 2.78
3 UBC E2 0.418 UBC 0.008 UBA52 0.34 1.44 UBC 3.13
4 HIS2B 0.424 UBC E2 0.009 UBC 0.35 1.32 TUB 3.64
5 TUB 0.447 TUB 0.013 UBC E2 0.36 1.49 HIS2B 3.66
6 UBA80 0.477 ACT 0.015 UBA80 0.37 1.6 ACT97 4.3
7 ACT97 0.484 ACT97 0.015 TUB 0.39 1.58 ACT 5.26
8 ACT 0.489 UBA80 0.016 HIS4 0.44 1.94 UBA80 6.45
9 HIS4 0.558 TUA 0.02 HIS2B 0.48 1.75 HIS4 8.74
10 TUA 0.652 HIS4 0.021 TUA 0.69 2.53 TUA 10
11 18S rRNA 1.093 18S rRNA 0.049 18S rRNA 1.16 4.7 18S rRNA 11
Natural growth 1 UBC 0.961 UBC 0.009 UBC E2 0.5 2.15 UBC 1.19
2 UBA80 0.989 UBC E2 0.017 ACT 0.6 2.44 UBC E2 1.57
3 UBC E2 1.03 ACT97 0.022 UBC 0.6 2.45 ACT97 3.46
4 ACT97 1.067 UBA80 0.025 ACT97 0.65 2.56 UBA80 3.6
5 HIS2B 1.155 HIS2B 0.028 HIS4 0.75 3.56 HIS2B 5.73
6 UBA52 1.168 ACT 0.029 HIS2B 0.79 3.15 HIS4 6.44
7 ACT 1.19 TUB 0.035 UBA80 0.89 4.03 ACT 6.45
8 HIS4 1.215 UBA52 0.038 TUB 1 4.06 UBA52 6.51
9 TUA 1.22 HIS4 0.04 TUA 1.03 4.64 TUB 8.49
10 TUB 1.241 TUA 0.041 UBA52 1.14 5.07 TUA 10.24
11 18S rRNA 2.468 18S rRNA 0.099 18S rRNA 1.33 5.36 18S rRNA 10.74
Abiotic stresses 1 UBC 0.579 UBC 0.011 UBA80 0.32 1.4 UBA80 1.32
2 UBA80 0.58 UBA80 0.012 UBC 0.34 1.29 UBC 1.86
3 HIS4 0.638 UBC E2 0.016 TUB 0.34 1.39 TUB 3.03
4 UBC E2 0.642 ACT97 0.016 HIS4 0.35 1.55 HIS4 3.46
5 ACT97 0.65 TUA 0.017 UBC E2 0.36 1.46 UBC E2 4.47
6 TUB 0.691 HIS4 0.017 UBA52 0.39 1.66 ACT97 5.69
7 TUA 0.693 HIS2B 0.02 ACT97 0.42 1.6 TUA 6.96
8 HIS2B 0.734 TUB 0.02 TUA 0.44 1.63 UBA52 7.9
9 UBA52 0.758 UBA52 0.025 HIS2B 0.52 1.91 HIS2B 8.49
10 ACT 0.828 ACT 0.03 ACT 0.62 2.55 ACT 10
11 18S rRNA 0.925 18S rRNA 0.033 18S rRNA 0.65 2.65 18S rRNA 11
Total 1 UBC 1.005 UBC 0.008 ACT 0.61 2.5 UBC 1.57
2 UBA80 1.034 UBC E2 0.013 TUB 0.66 2.7 UBC E2 2
3 UBC E2 1.039 UBA80 0.017 ACT97 0.69 2.68 UBA80 3.41
4 ACT97 1.08 ACT97 0.02 UBC E2 0.71 2.98 ACT97 3.72
5 UBA52 1.161 HIS2B 0.028 UBA80 0.78 3.44 ACT 5.2
6 HIS4 1.177 UBA52 0.029 UBC 0.81 3.18 TUB 5.66
7 HIS2B 1.247 HIS4 0.033 UBA52 0.97 4.19 UBA52 5.69
8 TUB 1.313 TUB 0.037 18S rRNA 1.01 4.09 HIS4 6.34
9 ACT 1.418 ACT 0.046 HIS4 1.08 4.94 HIS2B 7.65
10 18S rRNA 2.064 18S rRNA 0.079 HIS2B 1.32 5 18S rRNA 9.46
11 TUA 2.226 TUA 0.086 TUA 2.55 10.26 TUA 11

SD [±Cq], standard deviation of the Cq; CV [%Cq], coefficient of variance expressed as a percentage of the Cq level.