Table 2.
Mean number various components of metabolic syndrome and independent effects of covariates on metabolic syndrome components clustering in individuals.
| Age group | Un-weighted | Mean number of risk factors (95%CI) |
ARR*a | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15–29 | 831 | 1.28 (1.20–1.36) | 1 | |
| 30–44 | 1,410 | 1.85 (1.76–1.94) | 1.28 (1.19–1.38) | <0.001 |
| 45–69 | 1,488 | 2.14 (2.04–2.24) | 1.52 (1.41–1.63) | <0.001 |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 1,190 | 1.64 (1.54–1.74) | 1 | |
| Female | 2,539 | 1.71 (1.64–1.77) | 1.03 (0.98–1.09) | 0.247 |
| Education | ||||
| No formal schooling | 1,662 | 1.77 (1.68–1.86) | 1 | |
| Primary | 917 | 1.67 (1.56–1.78) | 1.03 (0.97–1.09) | 0.325 |
| Secondary | 705 | 1.60 (1.47–1.74) | 1.07 (1.00–1.16) | 0.057 |
| Higher | 445 | 1.61 (1.49–1.74) | 1.12 (1.03–1.23) | 0.011 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Never married | 299 | 1.24 (1.12–1.36) | 1 | |
| Currently married | 3,222 | 1.77 (1.70–1.84) | 1.00 (0.90–1.12) | 0.950 |
| Divorced/Widowed/Separated | 207 | 1.79 (1.58–2.00) | 0.89 (0.78–1.03) | 0.111 |
| Caste/ethnicity | ||||
| Dalits | 317 | 1.76 (1.61–1.92) | 1 | |
| Disadvantaged Janajatis | 1,165 | 1.60 (1.51–1.69) | 0.91 (0.82–1.01) | 0.069 |
| Disadvantaged non-Dalit Terai caste groups | 296 | 1.50 (1.33–1.66) | 0.88 (0.77–0.99) | 0.036 |
| Religious minorities | 46 | 2.00 (1.53–2.47) | 1.06 (0.83–1.34) | 0.640 |
| Relatively advantaged Janajatis | 287 | 1.88 (1.61–2.15) | 0.88 (0.77–1.00) | 0.050 |
| Upper caste groups | 1,618 | 1.70 (1.59–1.80) | 0.88 (0.80–0.98) | 0.015 |
| Ecological zone | ||||
| Mountain | 260 | 1.56 (1.30–1.82) | 1 | |
| Hill | 1,568 | 1.76 (1.64–1.88) | 0.99 (0.83–1.17) | 0.881 |
| Terai | 1,901 | 1.62 (1.54–1.70) | 0.98 (0.83–1.15) | 0.798 |
| Place of residence | ||||
| Rural | 3,022 | 1.60 (1.53–1.67) | 1 | |
| Urban | 707 | 1.99 (1.81–2.16) | 1.13 (1.05–1.21) | 0.001 |
| Current smoking | ||||
| No | 3,051 | 1.68 (1.61–1.76) | 1 | |
| Yes | 678 | 1.63 (1.51–1.74) | 0.96 (0.89–1.03) | 0.244 |
| Harmful use of alcohol | ||||
| No | 3,663 | 1.67 (1.61–1.74) | 1 | |
| Yes | 66 | 1.70 (1.30–2.10) | 1.10 (0.87–1.40) | 0.417 |
| Insufficient fruit and vegetable intake | ||||
| No | 43 | 1.78 (1.36–2.20) | 1 | |
| Yes | 3,686 | 1.67 (1.60–1.74) | 1.07 (0.93–1.23) | 0.330 |
| Low physical activity | ||||
| No | 3,580 | 1.67 (1.60–1.73) | 1 | |
| Yes | 133 | 1.90 (1.64–2.16) | 1.04 (0.94–1.16) | 0.419 |
| Abnormal waist hip ratio | ||||
| No | 1,056 | 1.29 (1.21–1.36) | 1 | |
| Yes | 2,673 | 1.94 (1.86–2.02) | 1.35 (1.27–1.43) | <0.001 |
| BMI category | ||||
| <25 | 2,773 | 1.42 (1.35–1.48) | 1 | |
| 25–30 | 763 | 2.50 (1.39–2.62) | 1.51 (1.43–1.60) | <0.001 |
| >30 | 193 | 2.95 (2.72–3.19) | 1.65 (1.52–1.78) | <0.001 |
| Total | 3,729 | 1.67 (1.61–1.74) | ||
*The number of components of metabolic syndrome was the dependent variable. Each Relative Risk (RR) reflects the risk of having x or more components versus having fewer against the risk in the reference group. Hence, the Adjusted RR (ARR) represents the average effect of the covariate on the risk of having x number of components or more.
aARR have been adjusted for all variables listed.