Expression of HaPIFs and MbPIFs in infected cells. Recombinant viruses; vHaBac-WT-egfp-ph, vHaBac∆pif1-Mbpif1, vHaBac∆pif2-Mbpif2 and vHaBac∆pif3-Mbpif3 were used to infect HzAM1 cells, and the cells were collected at 72 h.p.i. for Western blots analysis. A Primary antibodies, anti-HaPIF1, anti-HaPIF2, anti-HaPIF3 and anti-HaVP39 polyclonal antibodies were used to verify HearNPV PIFs knock-outs. B Anti-FLAG monoclonal antibody was used to identify the expression of MbPIFs. Black arrow heads indicate bands of MbPIFs at expected sizes.