Figure 1.

Nicotinamide dose – the ups, downs, and increasing variances correlate with population booms and busts and the emergence of common diseases. Not shown are European examples of meat consumption rising after the Black Death with centuries of good health and population stability. Later in the 18th century, meat consumption fell with the emergence of diseases, such as TB and pellagra, that we now link with the tropics and poverty in the less developed world and with localised population booms. From 1850 onwards, in the United Kingdom and United States, meat consumption rose, until recently, and modern demographic and disease transitions later completed in the rest of the developed world (some now reversing) and are in progress elsewhere or have stalled (such as in sub-Saharan Africa).^36-43