Table 3.
Summary of recent studies in children that found significant associations between ambient and traffic-related exposures with metabolic dysfunction
| Reference | Study Design | Location | Sample Size | Pollutants with Significant Associations* | Main Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alderete et. al. (2017) | Longitudinal | Los Angeles, CA, USA | 314 | NO2, PM2.5 | ↓ SI, ↓ β-cell function (DI) |
| Ghosh et. al. (2017) | Prospective /Intervention | New York Area, USA | 75 | NO2, PM2.5 | ↓ Metabolic benefits (e.g., HbA1c) of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding |
| Thiering et. al. (2016) | Cross-sectional | Southern and Western Germany | 837 | PM10, NO2 | ↑ HOMA-IR |
| Toledo-Corral & Alderete et. al. (2016) | Cross-sectional | Los Angeles, CA, USA | 429 | PM2.5, NO2, NOX | ↑ Fasting glucose, ↓ Fasting insulin, ↓ SI, ↑ AIRg |
| Caldero n -Garciduen as et. al. (2015) | Cross-sectional | Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) and Polotitlán, Mexico (Control City) | 54 MCMA and 26 Controls | Matched case vs. control for high vs. low exposure in Mexico | Compared to control children, MCMA had ↑ Fasting glucose levels |
| Thiering et. al. (2013) | Cross-sectional | Munich, South Germany, and Wesel, West Germany, | 397 | NO2, PM2.5, Proximity to Roadway | ↑ HOMA-IR |
Summarizes the main findings from studies in children between 2012 and 2017 that were included in this review. Pollutants listed are those found to be significantly associated with at least one measure of metabolic dysfunction. AIRg: acute insulin response to glucose, DI: disposition index, HbA1c: hemoglobin A1C, HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, NO2: nitrogen dioxide, PM: particulate matter, SI: insulin sensitivity, MCMA: Mexico City Metropolitan Area.
*
Statistically significant associations at a p-value <0.05.