Table 1. . Results from selected recent prospective studies in elderly patients with glioblastoma.

Procedure	Age (years)	KPS (%)	Conclusions	Ref.
Elderly GBM patients with good performance status
Surgery
Stereotactic biopsy vs open craniotomy and tumor resection	≥65	≥60	Longer OS is achieved after open craniotomy and tumor resection	[40]
Radiation therapy
Standard RT (50 Gy/28 fr) vs best supportive care	≥70	≥70	RT increases PFS and OS without reducing the quality of life or cognition	[43]
Standard (60 Gy/30 fr) vs short-course RT (40 Gy/15 fr)	≥60	≥50	Short-course RT has similar efficacy as standard RT	[46]
Chemotherapy
TMZ (200 mg/m2/day × 5 days) vs standard RT (60 Gy/30 fr) vs hypofractionated RT (34 Gy/10 fr)	≥60	≥60	Standard RT, hypofractioned RT and TMZ have similar efficacy	[50]
Dose-dense TMZ (100 mg/m2/day, days 1–7/15–21) vs RT (60 Gy/30 fr)	≥65	≥60	TMZ is not inferior to RT in terms of survival	[51]
Combined radiochemotherapy
Short-course RT (40 Gy/15 fr) plus concomitant (75 mg/m2/day) and adjuvant (200 mg/m2/day × 5 days) TMZ (uncontrolled trial)	≥70	≥60	Combined therapy is well tolerated and may prolong survival	[62]
Elderly GBM patients with impaired performance status
Chemotherapy
TMZ (200 mg/m2/day × 5 days) in elderly patients with impaired functional status (uncontrolled trial)	≥70	≤60	TMZ has an acceptable tolerance, is associated with improvement of functional status and may increase survival	[53]

fr: Fraction; GBM: Glioblastoma; KPS: Karnofsky performance score; OS: Overall survival; PFS: Progression-free survival; RT: Radiotherapy; TMZ: Temozolomide.