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. 2018 Aug 24;20:130–145. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.08.017

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© 2018 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 6 — The biosynthesis pathway of bacillithiol in Firmicutes. The glycosyltransferase BshA catalyzes the conjugation of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) to L-malate leading to N-acetylglucosamine malate (GlcNAc-Mal). GlcNAc-Mal is deacetylated by the deacetylase BshB to GlcN-Mal. The cysteine ligase BshC ligates cysteine to GlcN-Mal. The detoxification of toxic electrophiles (E) requires conjugation by the bacillithiol-S-transferase (BST) leading to BSH-S-conjugates which are cleaved by the BSH-S-conjugate amidase (Bca). Mercapturic acids are exported and GlcN-Mal is recycled to BSH. This figure is adapted from [93].