Systemic response to SARS-CoV MA15 infection. (A) C3 protein cleavage products are observed by Western blotting in the serum following infection. Molecular weights are noted at the left (in thousands). rMA15, recombinant MA15. (B) MCP-1 and RANTES levels are similarly elevated following infection in C57BL/6J and C3–/– mice. (C) G-CSF, KC, and IL-5 all have significantly higher expression in the sera of C57BL/6J mice than in those of C3–/– mice. IL-6 expression was suggestive of differences. (D) Complement deposition staining in the kidneys of C57BL/6J mice. *, P < 0.05; ‡, P < 0.06. Error bars indicate SEM, and 3 to 4 mice were used for each condition.