FIG 5.

Immune-related gene expression in bees following S. marcescens inoculation. AMP and phenoloxidase transcript abundance in the abdomens of honey bee workers injected with S. marcescens (A) and the guts of honey bee workers exposed orally to S. marcescens 6 h postinfection (B). The bars in each graph show the copy number of each gene (± standard errors [SE]) per 0.5 μg of total RNA. For each treatment performed as described for panel A, different letters indicate significant differences in copy numbers as determined by a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc comparisons performed using a Tukey-Kramer honestly significant difference (HSD) test (P < 0.05) in R. Significant differences between results of treatments performed as described for panel B were determined by a Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc Dunn’s test to account for nonnormality of the data. NS, no significant differences were determined.