Table 4.
Hemostatic abnormalities (confirmatory tests)
| Coagulation, platelet function and fibrinolysis tests (reference range) | Patients reporting bleeding symptom(s) (n = 240) Abnormalities n (%) | Range abnormalities | Patients not reporting bleeding symptoms (n = 95) Abnormalities n (%) | Range abnormalities | P values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fibrinogen (<1.7 g/L) | 0 | NA | 0 | NA | NA |
| FII (<60%) | 1 (0.4) | 59 | 0 | NA | 1 |
| FV (<60%) | 0 | NA | 0 | NA | N |
| FVII (<60%) | 6 (2.5) | 47‐59 | 1 (1.1) | 57 | .68 |
| FVIII (<50%) | 0 | NA | 0 | NA | NA |
| FIX (<60%) | 0 | NA | 0 | NA | NA |
| FX (<60%) | 0 | NA | 1 (1.1) | 56 | .28 |
| FXI (<60%) | 1 (0.4) | 57 | 0 | NA | 1 |
| FXII (<60%)a | 12 (5) | 38‐59 | 2 (2.1) | 58‐59 | .37 |
| FXIII (<70%) | 0 | NA | 1 (1.1) | 14 | .28 |
| vWF antigen (<50%) | 3 (1.2) | 26.6‐48.9 | 0 | NA | .56 |
| vWF activity (<50%) | 4 (1.7) | 16.8‐49.8 | 0 | NA | .58 |
| LTA AA 1 mmol/L (<60%) | 2 (0.8) | 15.4‐19.3 | 0 | NA | 1 |
| LTA TRAP 15 μmol/L (<60%) | 4 (1.7) | 17.7‐33.9 | 2 (2.1) | 32.2‐37.9 | 1 |
| LTA collagen 4 μg/mL (<60%) | 0 | NA | 0 | NA | NA |
| LTA collagen 1 μg/mL (<60%) | 6 (2.5) | 5.3‐54.1 | 2 (2.1) | 15.7‐43 | 1 |
| LTA ristocetin 1.5 mg/mL (<60%) | 0 | NA | 0 | NA | NA |
| LTA epinephrine 10 μmol/L (<60%) | 4 (1.7) | 4.2‐37.5 | 0 | NA | .58 |
| LTA ADP 5 μmol/L (<60%) | 3 (1.3) | 51.0‐57.2 | 2 (2.1) | 55.6‐59.2 | .63 |
| LTA ADP 10 μmol/L (<60%) | 0 | NA | 0 | NA | NA |
| Abnormal platelet function (≥2 agonists deviated, or collagen 4/ristocetin abnormalities) | 10 (4.2) | 2‐4 | 6 (6.3) | 2‐3 | .41 |
| tPA activity (>2.23 IU/mL)b | 0 | NA | 1 (0.6) | 3.16 | .29 |
| α2‐antiplasmin (<80%) | 0 | NA | 0 | NA | NA |
| PAI‐1 (0 ng/mL)a , c | 88 (36.7) | 0 | 20 (21.1) | 0 | .006 |
| Any kind of abnormality | 21 (8.8%) | 10 (10.5%) | .61 | ||
AA, arachidonic acid; Aggr, aggregation; ADP, adenosine diphosphate; LTA, light transmission aggregometry; PAI‐1, plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1; tPA, tissue plasminogen activator; TRAP, thrombin receptor activating peptide; vWF, von Willebrand factor. Reference ranges were adapted from our hospital and established in accordance with the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.
Hemostatic abnormalities as detected by the confirmatory assays, including the range of detected abnormalities.
Low levels of FXII or PAI are not considered to be hemostatic abnormalities.
Reference ranges were established using EP‐evaluator; nonparametric Index Method.
As the reference range of PAI‐activity includes 0 ng/mL, we can only assess whether PAI‐activity of 0 is more frequent in patients with a high score.