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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Oct 10.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Probl Cancer. 2017 Oct 31;42(1):49–58. doi: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2017.10.004

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor pathways decrease T cell function, inhibit activation, and differentiation to prevent excessive inflammation. CTLA4 binds to the B7 complex of antigen-presenting cells (APC) blocking the costimulatory activation signal. PD1/PDL1 plays a role in the initiation of T cell exhaustion and upregulation of other inhibitory pathway receptors such as LAG3 or TIM3.