Table 3. Adjusted Odds Ratios for Cigarette Smoking and E-Cigarette Use in the Past 30 Days, by Selected Socioeconomic and Behavioral Characteristics Among Adolescents in Minnesota (N = 126,868), Minnesota Student Survey, 2016.
| Risk Factor | Cigarettes |
E-Cigarettes |
Both Cigarettes and E-Cigarettes |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted ORa (95% CI) | P Valueb | Adjusted ORa (95% CI) | P Valueb | Adjusted ORa (95% CI) | P Valueb | |
| Sexual identityc | ||||||
| Heterosexual (straight) | 1.0 [Reference] | NA | 1.0 [Reference] | NA | 1.0 [Reference] | NA |
| Bisexual | 4.40 (4.01–4.82) | <.001 | 2.24 (2.06–2.43) | <.001 | 4.22 (3.79–4.69) | <.001 |
| Gay/lesbian | 2.75 (2.27–3.34) | .001 | 1.48 (1.24–1.76) | .19 | 2.52 (2.00–3.17) | .03 |
| Economic statusd | ||||||
| Receives free or reduced-price lunch | 1.92 (1.80–2.05) | <.001 | 1.33 (1.27–1.39) | <.001 | 1.77 (1.64–1.91) | <.001 |
| In last 30 days, skipped meals because family did not have enough money to buy food | 3.63 (3.33–3.95) | <.001 | 2.79 (2.59–2.99) | <.001 | 3.70 (3.35–4.08) | <.001 |
| Grades reported | ||||||
| Mostly As | 1.0 [Reference] | NA | 1.0 [Reference] | NA | 1.0 [Reference] | NA |
| Mostly Bs | 2.47 (2.25–2.70) | <.001 | 1.91 (1.80–2.01) | <.001 | 2.63 (2.35–2.94) | <.001 |
| Mostly Cs | 4.58 (4.14–5.07) | <.001 | 2.75 (2.58–2.94) | <.001 | 4.93 (4.36–5.58) | <.001 |
| Mostly Ds | 5.89 (5.16–6.72) | <.001 | 3.10 (2.81–3.41) | <.001 | 6.11 (5.24–7.14) | <.001 |
| Mostly Fs | 8.08 (6.81–9.59) | <.001 | 3.64 (3.16–4.19) | <.001 | 7.42 (6.08–9.06) | <.001 |
| No. of days of alcohol use in past 30 days | ||||||
| 0 | 1.0 [Reference] | NA | 1.0 [Reference] | NA | 1.0 [Reference] | NA |
| 1 or 2 | 9.79 (9.08–10.6) | <.001 | 9.25 (8.78–9.75) | <.001 | 11.3 (10.3–12.4) | <.001 |
| 3–5 | 21.5 (19.6–23.5) | .01 | 18.7 (17.3–20.1) | <.001 | 27.4 (24.7–30.5) | <.001 |
| 6–9 | 34.5 (30.7–38.7) | <.001 | 27.5 (24.7–30.7) | <.001 | 42.5 (37.3–48.3) | <.001 |
| 10–19 | 61.6 (52.9–71.7) | <.001 | 34.4 (29.5–40.2) | <.001 | 72.0 (61.4–84.3) | <.001 |
| 20–29 | 68.4 (50.8–92.0) | <.001 | 34.3 (25.2–46.8) | <.001 | 78.7 (58.5–106.0) | <.001 |
| All 30 | 31.2 (24.0–40.6) | <.001 | 15.2 (11.8–19.7) | .33 | 40.0 (30.3–52.7) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; NA, not applicable; OR, odds ratio.
a
Adjusted ORs calculated by using a logistic regression model adjusted for grade, sex, and race/ethnicity.
b
Significant at P = .05.
c
Sexual identity inquired of grades 9 and 11 only.
d
Reference group is students who responded no.