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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2018 Feb;57(2):77–79. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2017.11.018

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Potential genetic models explaining shared genetic risk between ADHD and educational attainment. Models are non-exclusive. Circles indicate latent factors representing all of the genetic influences for a disorder, many of which are currently unknown. Squares indicate measured variables. Dotted lines indicated ADHD-specific effects that may be operational but are not required for the model to produce the observed shared genetic risk between ADHD and educational attainment.

ADHD=Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Edu = educational attainment, Corr. Trait = correlated behavioral or cognitive traits associated with ADHD, Dys = Dyslexia, ODD=Oppositional Defiant disorder.